{"id":7083,"date":"2025-04-23T09:07:55","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T08:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/?page_id=7083"},"modified":"2025-04-27T10:54:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T09:54:30","slug":"1-2025-life-in-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/","title":{"rendered":"1-2025 Life in the UK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Life-in-the-UK.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1000\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7231 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Life-in-the-UK.jpg 700w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Life-in-the-UK-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"filter-block\"><!-- \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Life in the UK:\" data-translation=\"\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438:\">Life in the UK:<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"A guide for new residents\" data-translation=\"\u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\">A guide for new residents<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"3rd Edition,\" data-translation=\"3-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435,\">3rd Edition<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id4-style\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id4-style\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 div \u0434\u043b\u044f filter-block --><\/div>\n<div>\n<\/p>\n<p><style>\n        \/* Optional basic styling for readability *\/\n        body {\n            font-family: sans-serif;\n        }\n        nav {\n            color: grey; \/* Set default text color to grey *\/\n        }\n        nav ul {\n            list-style: none;\n            padding-left: 0;\n        }\n        nav ul ul {\n            padding-left: 20px; \/* Indent subsections *\/\n        }\n        nav li {\n            margin-bottom: 5px;\n        }\n        \/* Remove link-specific styling *\/\n        \/*\n        nav a {\n            text-decoration: none;\n            color: #007bff;\n        }\n        nav a:hover {\n            text-decoration: underline;\n        }\n        *\/\n        .page-number {\n            float: right; \/* Align page numbers to the right *\/\n            margin-left: 10px;\n            color: grey; \/* Ensure page numbers are also grey *\/\n        }\n        \/* Clearfix for list items containing floated elements *\/\n        nav li::after {\n            content: \"\";\n            display: table;\n            clear: both;\n        }\n    <\/style>\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e (\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 PDF) --><\/p>\n<nav id=\"table-of-contents\">\n<h4>Table of contents<\/h4>\n<ul><!-- Section 1 --><\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\"4\">1. The values and principles of the UK<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">4<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-page=\"4\">1.1 Chapter 1: The values and principles of the UK<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">4<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"5\">1.2 Becoming a permanent resident<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">5<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"6\">1.3 The values and principles of the UK<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">6<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"7\">1.4 Taking the Life in the UK test<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">7<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p><!-- Section 2 --><\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\"8\">2. What is the UK<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">8<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-page=\"8\">2.1 Chapter 2: What is the UK?<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">8<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"9\">2.2 What is the UK?<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">9<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p><!-- Section 3 --><\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\"10\">3. A long and illustrious history<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">10<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-page=\"10\">3.1 Chapter 3: A long and illustrious history<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">10<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"11\">3.2 Britain since 1945<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">11<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"16\">3.3 A global power<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">16<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"23\">3.4 The 20th century<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">23<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"27\">3.5 The Middle Ages<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">27<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"32\">3.6 The Tudors and Stuarts<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">32<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"39\">3.7 Early Britain<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">39<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p><!-- Section 4 --><\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\"43\">4. A modern, thriving society<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">43<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-page=\"43\">4.1 Chapter 4: A modern, thriving society<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">43<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"44\">4.2 Arts and culture<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">44<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"51\">4.3 Customs and traditions<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">51<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"54\">4.4 Leisure<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">54<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"59\">4.5 Places of interest<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">59<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"62\">4.6 Religion<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">62<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"64\">4.7 Sport<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">64<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"68\">4.8 The UK today<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">68<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p><!-- Section 5 --><\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\"72\">5. The UK Government, the law and your role<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">72<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-page=\"72\">5.1 Chapter 5: The UK government, the law and your role<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">72<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"73\">5.2 The development of British democracy<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">73<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"74\">5.3 The British constitution<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">74<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"79\">5.4 Fundamental principles<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">79<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"82\">5.5 Respecting the law<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">82<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"86\">5.6 The government<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">86<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"90\">5.7 The UK and international institutions<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">90<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"93\">5.8 Your role in the community<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">93<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p><!-- Section 6 --><\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\"96\">6. Summary<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">96<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-page=\"96\">6.1 Sources<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">96<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-page=\"97\">6.2 Key Material and Facts<\/span> <span class=\"page-number\">97<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 1\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 4 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The values and principles of the UK\" data-translation=\"\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">The values and principles of the UK<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this chapter you will learn about the fundamental rights and responsibilities\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445,\">In this chapter you will learn about the fundamental rights and responsibilities<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which apply to everyone who lives in the UK,\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">which apply to everyone who lives in the UK,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"citizen or not.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442.\">citizen or not.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There is also some information\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\">There is also some information<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about the format of the Life in the UK Test\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb\">about the format of the Life in the UK Test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the requirements for becoming a permanent resident.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.\">and the requirements for becoming a permanent resident.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The questions you get in the real test\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435,\">The questions you get in the real test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"will be based on the whole book,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435,\">will be based on the whole book,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including this introductory chapter\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443,\">including this introductory chapter<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"so make sure that you are familiar with the details\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\">so make sure that you are familiar with the details<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the application process for permanent residence\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435,\">of the application process for permanent residence<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"as well as the rights and responsibilities of UK residents.\" data-translation=\"\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">as well as the rights and responsibilities of UK residents.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this chapter there is information about:\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e:\">In this chapter there is information about:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The fundamental principles of British life\" data-translation=\"\u0424\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438\">The fundamental principles of British life<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Responsibilities and freedoms of all UK residents\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">Responsibilities and freedoms of all UK residents<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Becoming a permanent resident\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\">Becoming a permanent resident<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Taking the Life in the UK test\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb\">Taking the Life in the UK test<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The testable sections of this book\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\">The testable sections of this book<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain is a fantastic place to live:\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438:\">Britain is a fantastic place to live:<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a modern,\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435,\">a modern,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"thriving society\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">thriving society<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"with a long and illustrious history.\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439.\">with a long and illustrious history.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Our people have been at the heart\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435\">Our people have been at the heart<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the world\u2019s political,\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e,\">of the world\u2019s political,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"scientific,\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e,\">scientific,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"industrial and cultural development.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f.\">industrial and cultural development.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"We are proud of our record\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439\">We are proud of our record<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of welcoming new migrants\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432,\">of welcoming new migrants<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"who will add to the diversity and dynamism\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\">who will add to the diversity and dynamism<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of our national life.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.\">of our national life.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Applying to become a permanent resident or citizen of the UK\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">Applying to become a permanent resident or citizen of the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is an important decision and commitment.\" data-translation=\"\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c.\">is an important decision and commitment.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You will be agreeing to accept the responsibilities\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,\">You will be agreeing to accept the responsibilities<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which go with permanent residence\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e,\">which go with permanent residence<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and to respect the laws,\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b,\">and to respect the laws,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"values and traditions of the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">values and traditions of the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Good citizens are an asset to the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">Good citizens are an asset to the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"We welcome those seeking to make a positive contribution\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\">We welcome those seeking to make a positive contribution<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to our society.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\">to our society.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Passing the Life in the UK test\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb\">Passing the Life in the UK test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is part of demonstrating\" data-translation=\"\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e,\">is part of demonstrating<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that you are ready to become a permanent migrant to the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.\">that you are ready to become a permanent migrant to the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This handbook is designed to support you\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441\">This handbook is designed to support you<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in your preparation.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435.\">in your preparation.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It will help you to integrate into society\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">It will help you to integrate into society<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and play a full role in your local community.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435.\">and play a full role in your local community.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It will also help ensure\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c,\">It will also help ensure<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that you have a broad general knowledge\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\">that you have a broad general knowledge<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the culture,\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435,\">of the culture,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"laws and history of the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">laws and history of the UK.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 1\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 5 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Becoming a permanent resident\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\">Becoming a permanent resident<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"To apply to become a permanent resident\" data-translation=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\">To apply to become a permanent resident<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or citizen of the UK,\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">or citizen of the UK,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you will need to:\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e:\">you will need to:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"speak and read English\" data-translation=\"\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\">speak and read English<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"have a good understanding\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\">have a good understanding<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of life in the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">of life in the UK.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There are currently (as of January 2013)\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f (\u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c 2013 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430)\">There are currently (as of January 2013)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"two ways you can be tested\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\">two ways you can be tested<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on these requirements:\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c:\">on these requirements:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Take the Life in the UK test.\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb.\">Take the Life in the UK test.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The questions are written in a way\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c,\">The questions are written in a way<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that requires an understanding of the English language\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\">that requires an understanding of the English language<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Entry Level 3,\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 Entry Level 3 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435 ESOL (\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432),\">at English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Entry Level 3,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"so there is no need\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\">so there is no need<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to take a separate English language test.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443.\">to take a separate English language test.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"People here on work visas,\" data-translation=\"\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043c,\">People here on work visas,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including those on Tier 1 and Tier 2\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Tier 1 \u0438 Tier 2\">including those on Tier 1 and Tier 2<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the points based system,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b,\">of the points based system,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"normally must pass the Life in the UK test\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb,\">normally must pass the Life in the UK test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to become permanent residents.\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.\">to become permanent residents.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Pass an ESOL course in English with Citizenship.\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 ESOL \u043f\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c.\">Pass an ESOL course in English with Citizenship.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You will need to take this course\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441,\">You will need to take this course<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"if your standard of English\" data-translation=\"\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\">if your standard of English<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is below ESOL Entry Level 3.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f ESOL Entry Level 3.\">is below ESOL Entry Level 3.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The course will help you\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c\">The course will help you<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to improve your English\" data-translation=\"\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\">to improve your English<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and learn more about life in the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">and learn more about life in the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"At the end of the course\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\">At the end of the course<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you will take a test.\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442.\">you will take a test.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Once you have passed one of these tests,\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432,\">Once you have passed one of these tests,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you can make an application\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\">you can make an application<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for permanent residence\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">for permanent residence<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or British citizenship.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\">or British citizenship.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The form that you have to complete\" data-translation=\"\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c,\">The form that you have to complete<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the evidence that you need to provide\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c,\">and the evidence that you need to provide<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"will depend on your personal circumstances.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432.\">will depend on your personal circumstances.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There is a fee for submitting an application,\" data-translation=\"\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430,\">There is a fee for submitting an application,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which is different for the various types of application.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.\">which is different for the various types of application.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"All of the forms and a list of fees\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\">All of the forms and a list of fees<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"can be found on the UK Border Agency website,\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">can be found on the UK Border Agency website,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk.\" data-translation=\"www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk.\">www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"From October 2013,\" data-translation=\"\u0421 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2013 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">From October 2013,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the requirements will change.\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f.\">the requirements will change.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"From that date,\" data-translation=\"\u0421 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b\">From that date,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for settlement or permanent residence,\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">for settlement or permanent residence,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you will need to:\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442:\">you will need to:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Pass the Life in the UK test\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb\">Pass the Life in the UK test<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"AND\" data-translation=\"\u0418\">AND<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Produce acceptable evidence\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">Produce acceptable evidence<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of speaking and listening skills in English\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435\">of speaking and listening skills in English<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 B1 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c.\">at B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This is equivalent to ESOL Entry Level 3.\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044e ESOL Entry Level 3.\">This is equivalent to ESOL Entry Level 3.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The requirements for citizenship applications\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">The requirements for citizenship applications<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"may also change in the future.\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c.\">may also change in the future.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Further details will be published\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\">Further details will be published<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on the UK Border Agency website\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">on the UK Border Agency website<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and you should check the information\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\">and you should check the information<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on that website\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\">on that website<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for current requirements\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439\">for current requirements<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"before applying for settlement or citizenship.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\">before applying for settlement or citizenship.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 1\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 6 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The values and principles of the UK\" data-translation=\"\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">The values and principles of the UK<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"British society is founded on fundamental values and principles\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445,\">British society is founded on fundamental values and principles<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which all those living in the UK\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">which all those living in the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"should respect and support.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.\">should respect and support.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"These values are reflected in the responsibilities,\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445,\">These values are reflected in the responsibilities,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"rights and privileges\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0445\">rights and privileges<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of being a British citizen\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\">of being a British citizen<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or permanent resident of the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">or permanent resident of the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"They are based on history and traditions\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445\">They are based on history and traditions<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and are protected by law,\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c,\">and are protected by law,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"customs and expectations.\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.\">customs and expectations.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There is no place in British society\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\">There is no place in British society<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for extremism or intolerance.\" data-translation=\"\u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\">for extremism or intolerance.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The fundamental principles of British life include:\" data-translation=\"\u0424\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442:\">The fundamental principles of British life include:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Democracy\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044e\">Democracy<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The rule of law\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\">The rule of law<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Individual liberty\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443\">Individual liberty<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\">Tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Participation in community life.\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\">Participation in community life.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"As part of the citizenship ceremony,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">As part of the citizenship ceremony,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"new citizens pledge to uphold these values.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\">new citizens pledge to uphold these values.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The pledge is:\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442:\">The pledge is:<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"\u2018I will give my loyalty to the United Kingdom\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\">\u2018I will give my loyalty to the United Kingdom<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and respect its rights and freedoms.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b.\">and respect its rights and freedoms.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"I will uphold its democratic values.\" data-translation=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\">I will uphold its democratic values.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"I will observe its laws faithfully\" data-translation=\"\u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b\">I will observe its laws faithfully<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and fulfil my duties and obligations\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\">and fulfil my duties and obligations<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"as a British citizen.\u2019\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u00bb.\">as a British citizen.\u2019<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Following from the fundamental principles\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432,\">Following from the fundamental principles<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"are responsibilities and freedoms\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b,\">are responsibilities and freedoms<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which are shared by all those living in the UK\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">which are shared by all those living in the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and which we expect all residents to respect.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.\">and which we expect all residents to respect.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"If you wish to be a permanent resident\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\">If you wish to be a permanent resident<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or citizen of the UK,\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">or citizen of the UK,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you should:\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b:\">you should:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"respect and obey the law\" data-translation=\"\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\">respect and obey the law<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"respect the rights of others,\" data-translation=\"\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445,\">respect the rights of others,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including their right to their own opinions\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\">including their right to their own opinions<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"treat others with fairness\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\">treat others with fairness<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"look after yourself and your family\" data-translation=\"\u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\">look after yourself and your family<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"look after the area in which you live\" data-translation=\"\u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435,\">look after the area in which you live<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the environment.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435.\">and the environment.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In return,\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\">In return,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the UK offers:\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442:\">the UK offers:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"freedom of belief and religion\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438\">freedom of belief and religion<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"freedom of speech\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\">freedom of speech<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"freedom from unfair discrimination\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\">freedom from unfair discrimination<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a right to a fair trial\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">a right to a fair trial<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a right to join in the election of a government.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\">a right to join in the election of a government.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 1\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 7 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Taking the Life in the UK test\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb\">Taking the Life in the UK test<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This handbook will help prepare you\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\">This handbook will help prepare you<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for taking the Life in the UK test.\" data-translation=\"\u043a \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb.\">for taking the Life in the UK test.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The test consists of 24 questions\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 24 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\">The test consists of 24 questions<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about important aspects of life in the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">about important aspects of life in the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Questions are based on ALL parts of the handbook.\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0421\u0415\u0425 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\">Questions are based on ALL parts of the handbook.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The 24 questions will be different\" data-translation=\"24 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438\">The 24 questions will be different<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for each person taking the test\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\">for each person taking the test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at that test session.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.\">at that test session.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Life in the UK test is usually taken in English,\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435,\">The Life in the UK test is usually taken in English,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"although special arrangements can be made\" data-translation=\"\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,\">although special arrangements can be made<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"if you wish to take it in Welsh\" data-translation=\"\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\">if you wish to take it in Welsh<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or Scottish Gaelic.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0433\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435.\">or Scottish Gaelic.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You can only take the test\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\">You can only take the test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at a registered and approved Life in the UK test centre.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb.\">at a registered and approved Life in the UK test centre.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There are about 60 test centres\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 60 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\">There are about 60 test centres<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"around the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">around the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You can only book your test online,\" data-translation=\"\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d,\">You can only book your test online,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.\">at www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You should not take your test\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\">You should not take your test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at any other establishment\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">at any other establishment<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"as the UK Border Agency will only accept certificates\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b\">as the UK Border Agency will only accept certificates<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from registered test centres.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\">from registered test centres.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"If you live on the Isle of Man\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u041c\u044d\u043d\">If you live on the Isle of Man<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or in the Channel Islands,\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445,\">or in the Channel Islands,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"there are different arrangements\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\">there are different arrangements<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for taking the Life in the UK test.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb.\">for taking the Life in the UK test.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"When booking your test,\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\">When booking your test,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"read the instructions carefully.\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.\">read the instructions carefully.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Make sure you enter your details correctly.\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435.\">Make sure you enter your details correctly.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You will need to take some identification\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\">You will need to take some identification<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and proof of your address\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\">and proof of your address<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"with you to the test.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442.\">with you to the test.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"If you don\u2019t take these,\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435,\">If you don\u2019t take these,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you will not be able to take the test.\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442.\">you will not be able to take the test.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"How to use this handbook\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c\">How to use this handbook<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Everything that you will need to know\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c,\">Everything that you will need to know<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to pass the Life in the UK test\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb,\">to pass the Life in the UK test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is included in this handbook.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435.\">is included in this handbook.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The questions will be based on the whole book,\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435,\">The questions will be based on the whole book,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including this introduction,\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435,\">including this introduction,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"so make sure you study the entire book thoroughly.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443.\">so make sure you study the entire book thoroughly.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The handbook has been written\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a,\">The handbook has been written<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to ensure that anyone\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439,\">to ensure that anyone<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"who can read English at ESOL Entry Level 3 or above\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 ESOL Entry Level 3 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435,\">who can read English at ESOL Entry Level 3 or above<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"should have no difficulty with the language.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c.\">should have no difficulty with the language.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The glossary at the back of the handbook\" data-translation=\"\u0413\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">The glossary at the back of the handbook<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"contains some key words and phrases,\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b,\">contains some key words and phrases,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which you might find helpful.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.\">which you might find helpful.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The 'Check that you understand' boxes\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u00bb\">The &#8216;Check that you understand&#8217; boxes<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"are for guidance.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\">are for guidance.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"They will help you to identify particular things\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438,\">They will help you to identify particular things<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that you should understand.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c.\">that you should understand.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Just knowing the things highlighted in these boxes\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445,\">Just knowing the things highlighted in these boxes<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"will not be enough to pass the test.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430.\">will not be enough to pass the test.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You need to make sure\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f,\">You need to make sure<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that you understand everything in the book,\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435,\">that you understand everything in the book,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"so please read the information carefully.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e.\">so please read the information carefully.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Where to find more information\" data-translation=\"\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\">Where to find more information<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You can find out more information\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\">You can find out more information<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from the following places:\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445:\">from the following places:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The UK Border Agency website (www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk)\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk)\">The UK Border Agency website (www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for more information about the application process\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">for more information about the application process<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the forms you will need to complete\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\">and the forms you will need to complete<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Life in the UK test website (www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk)\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb (www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk)\">The Life in the UK test website (www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for more information about the test\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\">for more information about the test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and how to book a place to take one\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438\">and how to book a place to take one<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Gov.uk (www.gov.uk)\" data-translation=\"Gov.uk (www.gov.uk)\">Gov.uk (www.gov.uk)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for information about ESOL courses\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0445 ESOL\">for information about ESOL courses<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and how to find one in your area.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0435.\">and how to find one in your area.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Check that you understand:\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435:\">Check that you understand:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The origin of the values\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439,\">The origin of the values<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"underlying British society\" data-translation=\"\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">underlying British society<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The fundamental principles of British life\" data-translation=\"\u0424\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438\">The fundamental principles of British life<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The responsibilities and freedoms\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b,\">The responsibilities and freedoms<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which come with permanent residence\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\">which come with permanent residence<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The process of becoming a permanent resident\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\">The process of becoming a permanent resident<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or citizen.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430.\">or citizen.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 2\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 8 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"What is the UK?\" data-translation=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f?\">What is the UK?<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this chapter you will learn about the countries\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445,\">In this chapter you will learn about the countries<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that make up the Union\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437,\">that make up the Union<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"as well as the various phrases\" data-translation=\"\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445,\">as well as the various phrases<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"used to describe them.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\">used to describe them.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Although this chapter is very short\" data-translation=\"\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f,\">Although this chapter is very short<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"you should make sure\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f,\">you should make sure<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that you read and understand all facts presented.\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b.\">that you read and understand all facts presented.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"For instance\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440,\">For instance<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"it is very likely\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e,\">it is very likely<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"there will be questions\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\">there will be questions<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about the differences between Great Britain,\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439,\">about the differences between Great Britain,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the British Isles and Britain,\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439,\">the British Isles and Britain,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"or what the Crown Dependencies are.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\">or what the Crown Dependencies are.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this chapter there is information about:\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e:\">In this chapter there is information about:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The different countries\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445,\">The different countries<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that make up the UK\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\">that make up the UK<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\">Chapter 2<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 9 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"What is the UK?\" data-translation=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f?\">What is the UK?<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"675\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7130 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/111.jpg 600w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/111-267x300.jpg 267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container id4-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The countries that make up the UK:\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438:\">The countries that make up the UK:<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"England, Scotland, Wales\" data-translation=\"\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\">England, Scotland, Wales<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and Northern Ireland\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f\">and Northern Ireland<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438, \u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438, \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0430\">The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and Northern Ireland.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">and Northern Ireland.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The rest of Ireland is an independent country.\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439.\">The rest of Ireland is an independent country.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The official name of the country\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b\">The official name of the country<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.\" data-translation=\"\u2014 \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"\u2018Great Britain\u2019 refers only to England,\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438,\">\u2018Great Britain\u2019 refers only to England,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Scotland and Wales,\" data-translation=\"\u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0443,\">Scotland and Wales,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"not to Northern Ireland.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043a \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">not to Northern Ireland.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The words \u2018Britain\u2019,\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb,\">The words \u2018Britain\u2019,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Isles\u2019 or \u2018British\u2019, however,\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e,\">Isles\u2019 or \u2018British\u2019, however,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"are used in this book\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435\">are used in this book<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to refer to everyone in the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">to refer to everyone in the UK.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There are also several islands\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432,\">There are also several islands<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which are closely linked with the UK\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439,\">which are closely linked with the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but are not part of it:\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e:\">but are not part of it:<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the Channel Islands\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\">the Channel Islands<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the Isle of Man.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u044d\u043d.\">and the Isle of Man.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"These have their own governments\" data-translation=\"\u0423 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430,\">These have their own governments<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and are called \u2018Crown dependencies\u2019.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00bb.\">and are called \u2018Crown dependencies\u2019.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There are also several British overseas territories\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439\">There are also several British overseas territories<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in other parts of the world,\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430,\">in other parts of the world,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"such as St Helena\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\">such as St Helena<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the Falkland Islands.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0424\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430.\">and the Falkland Islands.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"They are also linked to the UK\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439,\">They are also linked to the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but are not a part of it.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.\">but are not a part of it.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The UK is governed by the parliament\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c,\">The UK is governed by the parliament<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"sitting in Westminster.\" data-translation=\"\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435.\">sitting in Westminster.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland\" data-translation=\"\u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441 \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f\">Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"also have parliaments or assemblies of their own,\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0438,\">also have parliaments or assemblies of their own,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"with devolved powers in defined areas.\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445.\">with devolved powers in defined areas.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 2\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 10 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"A long and illustrious history\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\">A long and illustrious history<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this chapter you will learn about British history\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">In this chapter you will learn about British history<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"starting from the Stone Age.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.\">starting from the Stone Age.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The beginning focuses on arriving populations\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c,\">The beginning focuses on arriving populations<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which affected the language and religions of Britain.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">which affected the language and religions of Britain.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"After that the focus is on the development\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e\">After that the focus is on the development<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the Monarchy,\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438,\">of the Monarchy,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"church and Parliament.\" data-translation=\"\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.\">church and Parliament.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Major battles and significant periods are covered,\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044b,\">Major battles and significant periods are covered,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including the civil war,\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0443,\">including the civil war,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the industrial revolution and the Empire.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e.\">the industrial revolution and the Empire.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There is a lot of information\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\">There is a lot of information<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about WWI and WWII\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0445,\">about WWI and WWII<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and after WWII the chapter focuses\" data-translation=\"\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\">and after WWII the chapter focuses<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on the governments of the UK\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">on the governments of the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and devolution in Northern Ireland,\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438,\">and devolution in Northern Ireland,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Wales and Scotland.\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0435 \u0438 \u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">Wales and Scotland.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Make sure that you understand the relationship\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\">Make sure that you understand the relationship<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"between the monarchy and Parliament,\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c,\">between the monarchy and Parliament,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Protestants and Catholics\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438,\">Protestants and Catholics<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and Britain and the colonies of the Empire.\" data-translation=\"\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438.\">and Britain and the colonies of the Empire.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Think about how the right to vote developed.\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430.\">Think about how the right to vote developed.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You should also make sure you know\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\">You should also make sure you know<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about each of the people described.\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439.\">about each of the people described.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You will need to know\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\">You will need to know<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about the Acts of Parliament\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0431 \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\">about the Acts of Parliament<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and other major events.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445.\">and other major events.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"You should make sure\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f,\">You should make sure<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that you know all of the dates\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b,\">that you know all of the dates<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"given in this chapter.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435.\">given in this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this chapter there is information about:\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e:\">In this chapter there is information about:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The history of early Britain\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">The history of early Britain<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The medieval period\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0435\">The medieval period<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Tudor and Stuart monarchs of the UK\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0445 \u0422\u044e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0421\u0442\u044e\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">The Tudor and Stuart monarchs of the UK<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The establishment of Parliament\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\">The establishment of Parliament<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The unification of the United Kingdom\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">The unification of the United Kingdom<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438\">The Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Victorian Age and the British Empire\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0435 \u0438 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438\">The Victorian Age and the British Empire<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The First World War\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435\">The First World War<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Great Depression\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\">The Great Depression<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Second World War\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435\">The Second World War<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain since 1945 and the welfare state\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 1945 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\">Britain since 1945 and the welfare state<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Great British inventions and sporting figures\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445\">Great British inventions and sporting figures<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Government since the Second World War\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\">Government since the Second World War<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\">Chapter 2<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 11 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain since 1945\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 1945 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">Britain since 1945<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The welfare state\" data-translation=\"\u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\">The welfare state<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Although the UK had won the war,\" data-translation=\"\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0443,\">Although the UK had won the war,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the country was exhausted economically\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430,\">the country was exhausted economically<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the people wanted change.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d.\">and the people wanted change.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"During the war,\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\">During the war,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"there had been significant reforms\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b\">there had been significant reforms<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to the education system\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\">to the education system<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and people now looked for wider social reforms.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c.\">and people now looked for wider social reforms.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1945 the British people elected a Labour government.\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1945 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0435\u0439\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.\">In 1945 the British people elected a Labour government.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The new Prime Minister was Clement Atlee,\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u041a\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438,\">The new Prime Minister was Clement Atlee,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"who promised to introduce the welfare state\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f,\">who promised to introduce the welfare state<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"outlined in the Beveridge Report.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430.\">outlined in the Beveridge Report.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1948,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1948 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">In 1948,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Aneurin (Nye) Bevan,\" data-translation=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0440\u0438\u043d (\u041d\u0430\u0439) \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d,\">Aneurin (Nye) Bevan,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the Minister for Health,\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f,\">the Minister for Health,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"led the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS),\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (NHS),\">led the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which guaranteed a minimum standard of health care for all,\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445,\">which guaranteed a minimum standard of health care for all,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"free at the point of use.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\">free at the point of use.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"A national system of benefits\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0439\">A national system of benefits<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was also introduced to provide \u2018social security\u2019,\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b\u00bb,\">was also introduced to provide \u2018social security\u2019,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"so that the population would be protected\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\">so that the population would be protected<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from the \u2018cradle to the grave\u2019.\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044b\u00bb.\">from the \u2018cradle to the grave\u2019.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The government took into public ownership (nationalised)\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e)\">The government took into public ownership (nationalised)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the railways,\" data-translation=\"\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438,\">the railways,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"coal mines and gas,\" data-translation=\"\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435,\">coal mines and gas,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"water and electricity supplies.\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.\">water and electricity supplies.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Another aspect of change\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\">Another aspect of change<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was self-government for former colonies.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0439.\">was self-government for former colonies.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1947,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1947 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">In 1947,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"independence was granted to nine countries,\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c,\">independence was granted to nine countries,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including India,\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044e,\">including India,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0426\u0435\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043d (\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u0428\u0440\u0438-\u041b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430).\">Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Other colonies in Africa,\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435,\">Other colonies in Africa,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the Caribbean and the Pacific\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0435\">the Caribbean and the Pacific<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"achieved independence over the next 20 years.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 20 \u043b\u0435\u0442.\">achieved independence over the next 20 years.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The UK developed its own atomic bomb\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0443\">The UK developed its own atomic bomb<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and joined the new North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 (\u041d\u0410\u0422\u041e),\">and joined the new North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"an alliance of nations set up\" data-translation=\"\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443\">an alliance of nations set up<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to resist the perceived threat of invasion\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">to resist the perceived threat of invasion<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"by the Soviet Union and its allies.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.\">by the Soviet Union and its allies.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain had a Conservative government\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">Britain had a Conservative government<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from 1951 to 1964.\" data-translation=\"\u0441 1951 \u043f\u043e 1964 \u0433\u043e\u0434.\">from 1951 to 1964.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The 1950s were a period of economic recovery\" data-translation=\"1950-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">The 1950s were a period of economic recovery<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"after the war\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\">after the war<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and increasing prosperity for working people.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f.\">and increasing prosperity for working people.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Prime Minister of the day,\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438,\">The Prime Minister of the day,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Harold Macmillan,\" data-translation=\"\u0413\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043d,\">Harold Macmillan,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was famous for his \u2018wind of change\u2019 speech\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c\u044e \u043e \u00ab\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u00bb\">was famous for his \u2018wind of change\u2019 speech<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"about decolonisation and independence\" data-translation=\"\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\">about decolonisation and independence<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for the countries of the Empire.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438.\">for the countries of the Empire.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Clement Attlee (1883\u20131967)\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438 (1883\u20131967)\">Clement Attlee (1883\u20131967)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/clement.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"880\" height=\"1156\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7140 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/clement.png 880w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/clement-228x300.png 228w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/clement-780x1024.png 780w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/clement-768x1009.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container id4-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Clement Attlee\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438\">Clement Attlee<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Clement Attlee was born in London in 1883.\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432 1883 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">Clement Attlee was born in London in 1883.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"His father was a solicitor\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c,\">His father was a solicitor<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and, after studying at Oxford University,\" data-translation=\"\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u0432 \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435,\">and, after studying at Oxford University,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Attlee became a barrister.\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.\">Attlee became a barrister.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He gave this up to do social work\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439\">He gave this up to do social work<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in East London\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435,\">in East London<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and eventually became a Labour MP.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438.\">and eventually became a Labour MP.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He was Winston Churchill\u2019s Deputy Prime Minister\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0423\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\">He was Winston Churchill\u2019s Deputy Prime Minister<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the wartime coalition government\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\">in the wartime coalition government<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and became Prime Minister\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\">and became Prime Minister<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"after the Labour Party won the 1945 election.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044b \u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 1945 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\">after the Labour Party won the 1945 election.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441 1945 \u043f\u043e 1951 \u0433\u043e\u0434\">He was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and led the Labour Party for 20 years.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 20 \u043b\u0435\u0442.\">and led the Labour Party for 20 years.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Attlee\u2019s government undertook the nationalisation\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\">Attlee\u2019s government undertook the nationalisation<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of major industries (like coal and steel),\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f),\">of major industries (like coal and steel),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"created the National Health Service\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">created the National Health Service<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and implemented many of Beveridge\u2019s plans\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430\">and implemented many of Beveridge\u2019s plans<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for a stronger welfare state.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f.\">for a stronger welfare state.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Attlee also introduced measures\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b\">Attlee also introduced measures<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to improve the conditions of workers.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445.\">to improve the conditions of workers.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"William Beveridge (1879\u20131963)\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436 (1879\u20131963)\">William Beveridge (1879\u20131963)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/w-beveridge.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"558\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7208 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/w-beveridge.jpg 540w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/w-beveridge-290x300.jpg 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"William Beveridge (later Lord Beveridge)\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436 (\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u041b\u043e\u0440\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436)\">William Beveridge (later Lord Beveridge)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was a British economist and social reformer.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c.\">was a British economist and social reformer.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He served briefly as a Liberal MP\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438\">He served briefly as a Liberal MP<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and was subsequently the leader of the Liberals\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\">and was subsequently the leader of the Liberals<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the House of Lords\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432,\">in the House of Lords<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but is best known for the 1942 report\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0443 1942 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">but is best known for the 1942 report<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Social Insurance and Allied Services\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438\u00bb\">Social Insurance and Allied Services<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"(known as the Beveridge Report).\" data-translation=\"(\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430).\">(known as the Beveridge Report).<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The report was commissioned\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\">The report was commissioned<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"by the wartime government in 1941.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 1941 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">by the wartime government in 1941.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It recommended that the government\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">It recommended that the government<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"should find ways of fighting\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b\">should find ways of fighting<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the five \u2018Giant Evils\u2019 of Want,\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u00ab\u0413\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0417\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb: \u041d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439,\">the five \u2018Giant Evils\u2019 of Want,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Disease,\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e,\">Disease,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Ignorance,\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c,\">Ignorance,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Squalor and Idleness\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\">Squalor and Idleness<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and provided the basis\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\">and provided the basis<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the modern welfare state.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f.\">of the modern welfare state.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\">Chapter 2<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 12 --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 12 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"R A Butler (1902\u201382)\" data-translation=\"\u0420 \u0410 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 (1902\u201382)\">R A Butler (1902\u201382)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Rab_Butler_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"996\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7220 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Rab_Butler_.jpg 754w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Rab_Butler_-227x300.jpg 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Richard Austen Butler (later Lord Butler)\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 (\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u041b\u043e\u0440\u0434 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440)\">Richard Austen Butler (later Lord Butler)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was born in 1902.\" data-translation=\"\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 1902 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">was born in 1902.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He became a Conservative MP in 1923\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1923 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">He became a Conservative MP in 1923<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and held several positions\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439,\">and held several positions<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"before becoming responsible for education in 1941.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1941 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">before becoming responsible for education in 1941.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In this role,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\">In this role,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"he oversaw the introduction\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u043d \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\">he oversaw the introduction<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the Education Act 1944\" data-translation=\"\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 1944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">of the Education Act 1944<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"(often called \u2018The Butler Act\u2019),\" data-translation=\"(\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u00bb),\">(often called \u2018The Butler Act\u2019),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which introduced free secondary education\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\">which introduced free secondary education<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in England and Wales.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0435.\">in England and Wales.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The education system has changed significantly\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\">The education system has changed significantly<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"since the Act was introduced,\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430,\">since the Act was introduced,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but the division between primary and secondary schools\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b,\">but the division between primary and secondary schools<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that it enforced still remains\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\">that it enforced still remains<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in most areas of Britain.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">in most areas of Britain.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Dylan Thomas (1914\u201353)\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441 (1914\u201353)\">Dylan Thomas (1914\u201353)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dylan-thomas.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7212 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dylan-thomas.webp 559w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dylan-thomas-280x300.webp 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet and writer.\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c.\">Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet and writer.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He often read and performed his work in public,\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e,\">He often read and performed his work in public,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including for the BBC.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f BBC.\">including for the BBC.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"His most well-known works\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">His most well-known works<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"include the radio play Under Milk Wood,\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044c \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u00bb,\">include the radio play Under Milk Wood,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"first performed after his death in 1954,\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0432 1954 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443,\">first performed after his death in 1954,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the poem Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u041d\u0435 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u044c\u043c\u044b\u00bb,\">and the poem Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which he wrote for his dying father in 1952.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0432 1952 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">which he wrote for his dying father in 1952.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He died at the age of 39 in New York.\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435 39 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435.\">He died at the age of 39 in New York.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There are several memorials to him\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\">There are several memorials to him<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in his birthplace,\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435,\">in his birthplace,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Swansea,\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0421\u0443\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438,\">Swansea,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including a statue\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044e\">including a statue<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the Dylan Thomas Centre.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0414\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430.\">and the Dylan Thomas Centre.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Migration in post-war Britain\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">Migration in post-war Britain<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Rebuilding Britain after the Second World War\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\">Rebuilding Britain after the Second World War<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was a huge task.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439.\">was a huge task.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There were labour shortages\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b,\">There were labour shortages<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the British government encouraged workers\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445\">and the British government encouraged workers<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from Ireland and other parts of Europe\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b\">from Ireland and other parts of Europe<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to come to the UK\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\">to come to the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and help with the reconstruction.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">and help with the reconstruction.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1948,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1948 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">In 1948,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"people from the West Indies\" data-translation=\"\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\">people from the West Indies<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"were also invited to come and work.\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c.\">were also invited to come and work.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"During the 1950s,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1950-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445\">During the 1950s,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"there was still a shortage of labour in the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b.\">there was still a shortage of labour in the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Further immigration was therefore encouraged\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\">Further immigration was therefore encouraged<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for economic reasons,\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c,\">for economic reasons,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and many industries advertised for workers\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\">and many industries advertised for workers<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from overseas.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430.\">from overseas.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"For example,\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440,\">For example,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"centres were set up in the West Indies\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b\">centres were set up in the West Indies<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to recruit people to drive buses.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432.\">to recruit people to drive buses.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Textile and engineering firms\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u044b\">Textile and engineering firms<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from the north of England and the Midlands\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0441\u0430\">from the north of England and the Midlands<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"sent agents to India and Pakistan\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\">sent agents to India and Pakistan<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to find workers.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445.\">to find workers.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"For about 25 years,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 25 \u043b\u0435\u0442\">For about 25 years,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"people from the West Indies,\" data-translation=\"\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438,\">people from the West Indies,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"India,\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438,\">India,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Pakistan and (later) Bangladesh\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 (\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435) \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0448\">Pakistan and (later) Bangladesh<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"travelled to work and settle in Britain.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">travelled to work and settle in Britain.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Social change in the 1960s\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 1960-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445\">Social change in the 1960s<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The decade of the 1960s\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435 1960-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\">The decade of the 1960s<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was a period of significant social change.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.\">was a period of significant social change.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It was known as \u2018the Swinging Sixties\u2019.\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u0421\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0435\u00bb.\">It was known as \u2018the Swinging Sixties\u2019.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"There was growth in British fashion,\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u044b,\">There was growth in British fashion,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"cinema and popular music.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438.\">cinema and popular music.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Two well-known pop music groups at the time\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\">Two well-known pop music groups at the time<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"were The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.\" data-translation=\"\u2014 The Beatles \u0438 The Rolling Stones.\">were The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"People started to become better off\" data-translation=\"\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435,\">People started to become better off<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and many bought cars\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\">and many bought cars<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and other consumer goods.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b.\">and other consumer goods.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It was also a time\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f,\">It was also a time<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"when social laws were liberalised,\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b,\">when social laws were liberalised,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for example in relation to divorce\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\">for example in relation to divorce<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and to abortion in England,\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438,\">and to abortion in England,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Wales and Scotland.\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0435 \u0438 \u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">Wales and Scotland.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The position of women in the workplace\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\">The position of women in the workplace<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"also improved.\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.\">also improved.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It was quite common at the time\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e,\">It was quite common at the time<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for employers to ask women\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\">for employers to ask women<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to leave their jobs\" data-translation=\"\u0443\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b\">to leave their jobs<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"when they got married,\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a,\">when they got married,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but Parliament passed new laws\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b,\">but Parliament passed new laws<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"giving women the right to equal pay\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430,\">giving women the right to equal pay<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and made it illegal for employers\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\">and made it illegal for employers<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to discriminate against women\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\">to discriminate against women<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"because of their gender.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430.\">because of their gender.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The 1960s was also a time\" data-translation=\"1960-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c\">The 1960s was also a time<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of technological progress.\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430.\">of technological progress.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain and France developed\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\">Britain and France developed<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the world\u2019s only supersonic commercial airliner,\" data-translation=\"\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\">the world\u2019s only supersonic commercial airliner,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Concorde.\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u00bb.\">Concorde.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"New styles of architecture,\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b,\">New styles of architecture,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"including high-rise buildings\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\">including high-rise buildings<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the use of concrete and steel,\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438,\">and the use of concrete and steel,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"became common.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.\">became common.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The number of people migrating\" data-translation=\"\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\">The number of people migrating<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from the West Indies,\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438,\">from the West Indies,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"India,\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438,\">India,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Pakistan and what is now Bangladesh\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0448,\">Pakistan and what is now Bangladesh<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"fell in the late 1960s\" data-translation=\"\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1960-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432,\">fell in the late 1960s<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"because the government passed new laws\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b\">because the government passed new laws<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to restrict immigration to Britain.\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.\">to restrict immigration to Britain.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Immigrants were required to have a strong connection\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\">Immigrants were required to have a strong connection<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to Britain through birth or ancestry.\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.\">to Britain through birth or ancestry.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Even so,\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435,\">Even so,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"during the early 1970s,\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\">during the early 1970s,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain admitted 28,000 people\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 28 000 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\">Britain admitted 28,000 people<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of Indian origin\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f,\">of Indian origin<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"who had been forced to leave Uganda.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0423\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443.\">who had been forced to leave Uganda.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Some great British inventions of the 20th century\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 20-\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">Some great British inventions of the 20th century<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain has given the world\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\">Britain has given the world<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"some wonderful inventions.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.\">some wonderful inventions.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Examples from the 20th century include:\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 20-\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442:\">Examples from the 20th century include:<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The television was developed by Scotsman\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c\">The television was developed by Scotsman<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"John Logie Baird (1888\u20131946)\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0411\u044d\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043c (1888\u20131946)\">John Logie Baird (1888\u20131946)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the 1920s.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 1920-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445.\">in the 1920s.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1932 he made the first television broadcast\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1932 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e\">In 1932 he made the first television broadcast<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"between London and Glasgow.\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e.\">between London and Glasgow.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Radar was developed by Scotsman\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c\">Radar was developed by Scotsman<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Sir Robert Watson-Watt (1892\u20131973),\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0423\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d-\u0423\u0430\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043c (1892\u20131973),\">Sir Robert Watson-Watt (1892\u20131973),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"who proposed that enemy aircraft\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b\">who proposed that enemy aircraft<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"could be detected by radio waves.\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d.\">could be detected by radio waves.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The first successful radar test\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\">The first successful radar test<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"took place in 1935.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 1935 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">took place in 1935.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Working with radar led Sir Bernard Lovell (1913\u20132012)\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 (1913\u20132012)\">Working with radar led Sir Bernard Lovell (1913\u20132012)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to make new discoveries in astronomy.\" data-translation=\"\u043a \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438.\">to make new discoveries in astronomy.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The radio telescope he built\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\">The radio telescope he built<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b-\u0411\u044d\u043d\u043a \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435,\">at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was for many years the biggest in the world\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\">was for many years the biggest in the world<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and continues to operate today.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f.\">and continues to operate today.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"A Turing machine is a theoretical mathematical device\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u044c\u044e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e,\">A Turing machine is a theoretical mathematical device<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"invented by Alan Turing (1912\u201354),\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0422\u044c\u044e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c (1912\u201354),\">invented by Alan Turing (1912\u201354),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a British mathematician,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c,\">a British mathematician,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the 1930s.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 1930-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445.\">in the 1930s.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The theory was influential\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\">The theory was influential<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the development of computer science\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\">in the development of computer science<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the modern-day computer.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430.\">and the modern-day computer.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Scottish physician and researcher\" data-translation=\"\u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\">The Scottish physician and researcher<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"John MacLeod (1876\u20131935)\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0434 (1876\u20131935)\">John MacLeod (1876\u20131935)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was the co-discoverer of insulin,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430,\">was the co-discoverer of insulin,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"used to treat diabetes.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430.\">used to treat diabetes.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The structure of the DNA molecule\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0414\u041d\u041a\">The structure of the DNA molecule<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was discovered in 1953\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0432 1953 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">was discovered in 1953<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"through work at British universities\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445\">through work at British universities<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in London and Cambridge.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u041a\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435.\">in London and Cambridge.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This discovery contributed to many scientific advances,\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c,\">This discovery contributed to many scientific advances,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"particularly in medicine and fighting crime.\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.\">particularly in medicine and fighting crime.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Francis Crick (1916\u20132004),\" data-translation=\"\u0424\u0440\u044d\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043a (1916\u20132004),\">Francis Crick (1916\u20132004),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"one of those awarded the Nobel Prize\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438\">one of those awarded the Nobel Prize<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for this discovery,\" data-translation=\"\u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435,\">for this discovery,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was British.\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c.\">was British.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The jet engine was developed in Britain\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">The jet engine was developed in Britain<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the 1930s by Sir Frank Whittle (1907\u201396),\" data-translation=\"\u0432 1930-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0421\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0424\u0440\u044d\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0423\u0438\u0442\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c (1907\u201396),\">in the 1930s by Sir Frank Whittle (1907\u201396),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a British Royal Air Force engineer Officer.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u0412\u0421.\">a British Royal Air Force engineer Officer.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\">Chapter 2<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 13 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Sir Christopher Cockerell (1910\u201399),\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u044d\u0440 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b (1910\u201399),\">Sir Christopher Cockerell (1910\u201399),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a British inventor,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c,\">a British inventor,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"invented the hovercraft in the 1950s.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0432 1950-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445.\">invented the hovercraft in the 1950s.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain and France developed Concorde,\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u00bb,\">Britain and France developed Concorde,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the world\u2019s only supersonic passenger aircraft.\" data-translation=\"\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442.\">the world\u2019s only supersonic passenger aircraft.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It first flew in 1969\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0432 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">It first flew in 1969<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and began carrying passengers in 1976.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 1976 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">and began carrying passengers in 1976.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Concorde was retired from service in 2003.\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u00bb \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 2003 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">Concorde was retired from service in 2003.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Harrier jump jet,\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 Harrier \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0439,\">The Harrier jump jet,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"an aircraft capable of taking off vertically,\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e,\">an aircraft capable of taking off vertically,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was also designed and developed in the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">was also designed and developed in the UK.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In the 1960s,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1960-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445\">In the 1960s,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"James Goodfellow (1937\u2013)\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0413\u0443\u0434\u0444\u0435\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0443 (1937\u2013)\">James Goodfellow (1937\u2013)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"invented the cash-dispensing ATM\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445\">invented the cash-dispensing ATM<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"(automatic teller machine) or \u2018cashpoint\u2019.\" data-translation=\"(\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043a\u044d\u0448\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0442\u00bb.\">(automatic teller machine) or \u2018cashpoint\u2019.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The first of these was put into use\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\">The first of these was put into use<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"by Barclays Bank in Enfield,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c Barclays \u0432 \u042d\u043d\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0434\u0435,\">by Barclays Bank in Enfield,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"north London in 1967.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0432 1967 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">north London in 1967.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) therapy\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f \u042d\u041a\u041e (\u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)\">IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) therapy<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for the treatment of infertility\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f\">for the treatment of infertility<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was pioneered in Britain\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\">was pioneered in Britain<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"by physiologist Sir Robert Edwards (1925\u2013)\" data-translation=\"\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0421\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u042d\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043e\u043c (1925\u2013)\">by physiologist Sir Robert Edwards (1925\u2013)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe (1913\u201388).\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0443 (1913\u201388).\">and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe (1913\u201388).<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The world\u2019s first \u2018test-tube baby\u2019\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0438\u00bb\">The world\u2019s first \u2018test-tube baby\u2019<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"was born in Oldham,\" data-translation=\"\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041e\u043b\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0435,\">was born in Oldham,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Lancashire in 1978.\" data-translation=\"\u041b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0440, \u0432 1978 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">Lancashire in 1978.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1996,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1996 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">In 1996,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"two British scientists,\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445,\">two British scientists,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Sir Ian Wilmot (1944\u2013)\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u044d\u0440 \u0418\u044d\u043d \u0423\u0438\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0442 (1944\u2013)\">Sir Ian Wilmot (1944\u2013)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and Keith Campbell (1954\u20132012),\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u041a\u0438\u0442 \u041a\u044d\u043c\u043f\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b (1954\u20132012),\">and Keith Campbell (1954\u20132012),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"led a team which was the first\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439\">led a team which was the first<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to succeed in cloning a mammal,\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e,\">to succeed in cloning a mammal,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Dolly the sheep.\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044b \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438.\">Dolly the sheep.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This has led to further research\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\">This has led to further research<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"into the possible use of cloning\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\">into the possible use of cloning<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to preserve endangered species\" data-translation=\"\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\">to preserve endangered species<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and for medical purposes.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445.\">and for medical purposes.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Sir Peter Mansfield (1933\u2013),\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u044d\u0440 \u041f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u041c\u044d\u043d\u0441\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0434 (1933\u2013),\">Sir Peter Mansfield (1933\u2013),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a British scientist,\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439,\">a British scientist,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is the co-inventor of the MRI\" data-translation=\"\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0420\u0422\">is the co-inventor of the MRI<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"(magnetic resonance imaging) scanner.\" data-translation=\"(\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438) \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430.\">(magnetic resonance imaging) scanner.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This enables doctors and researchers\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\">This enables doctors and researchers<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to obtain exact and non-invasive images\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">to obtain exact and non-invasive images<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of human internal organs\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">of human internal organs<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and has revolutionised diagnostic medicine.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0435.\">and has revolutionised diagnostic medicine.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id3-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The inventor of the World Wide Web,\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b,\">The inventor of the World Wide Web,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Sir Tim Berners-Lee (1955\u2013),\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u044d\u0440 \u0422\u0438\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441-\u041b\u0438 (1955\u2013),\">Sir Tim Berners-Lee (1955\u2013),<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"is British.\" data-translation=\"\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c.\">is British.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Information was successfully transferred\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\">Information was successfully transferred<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"via the web for the first time\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435\">via the web for the first time<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on 25 December 1990.\" data-translation=\"25 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 1990 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\">on 25 December 1990.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Problems in the economy in the 1970s\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445\">Problems in the economy in the 1970s<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In the late 1970s,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\">In the late 1970s,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the post-war economic boom came to an end.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443.\">the post-war economic boom came to an end.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Prices of goods and raw materials\" data-translation=\"\u0426\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u0435\">Prices of goods and raw materials<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"began to rise sharply\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438,\">began to rise sharply<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and the exchange rate between the pound\" data-translation=\"\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\">and the exchange rate between the pound<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and other currencies was unstable.\" data-translation=\"\u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c.\">and other currencies was unstable.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"This caused problems\" data-translation=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\">This caused problems<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"with the \u2018balance of payments\u2019:\" data-translation=\"\u0441 \u00ab\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c\u00bb:\">with the \u2018balance of payments\u2019:<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"imports of goods were valued at more\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430\">imports of goods were valued at more<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"than the price paid for exports.\" data-translation=\"\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0443, \u0443\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442.\">than the price paid for exports.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Many industries and services\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\">Many industries and services<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"were affected by strikes\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a,\">were affected by strikes<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and this caused problems\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\">and this caused problems<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"between the trade unions and the government.\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c.\">between the trade unions and the government.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"People began to argue\" data-translation=\"\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c,\">People began to argue<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that the unions were too powerful\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\">that the unions were too powerful<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and that their activities were harming the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">and that their activities were harming the UK.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The 1970s were also a time\" data-translation=\"1970-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c\">The 1970s were also a time<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of serious unrest in Northern Ireland.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">of serious unrest in Northern Ireland.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1972,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1972 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">In 1972,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the Northern Ireland Parliament was suspended\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d,\">the Northern Ireland Parliament was suspended<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and Northern Ireland was directly ruled\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e\">and Northern Ireland was directly ruled<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"by the UK government.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">by the UK government.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Some 3,000 people lost their lives\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 3000 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\">Some 3,000 people lost their lives<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the decades after 1969\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">in the decades after 1969<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the violence in Northern Ireland.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">in the violence in Northern Ireland.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Mary Peters (1939\u2013)\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441 (1939\u2013)\">Mary Peters (1939\u2013)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MARY-P.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"740\" height=\"519\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7225 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MARY-P.jpg 740w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MARY-P-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Born in Manchester,\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435,\">Born in Manchester,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Mary Peters moved to Northern Ireland as a child.\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435.\">Mary Peters moved to Northern Ireland as a child.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"She was a talented athlete\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439,\">She was a talented athlete<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"who won an Olympic gold medal\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\">who won an Olympic gold medal<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the pentathlon in 1972.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435 \u0432 1972 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">in the pentathlon in 1972.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"After this,\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\">After this,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"she raised money for local athletics\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\">she raised money for local athletics<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and became the team manager\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\">and became the team manager<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"for the women\u2019s British Olympic team.\" data-translation=\"\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439.\">for the women\u2019s British Olympic team.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"She continues to promote sport and tourism\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\">She continues to promote sport and tourism<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in Northern Ireland\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\">in Northern Ireland<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and was made a Dame of the British Empire\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0430\u043c\u044b \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438\">and was made a Dame of the British Empire<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in 2000 in recognition of her work.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b.\">in 2000 in recognition of her work.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Europe and the Common Market\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a\">Europe and the Common Market<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"West Germany,\" data-translation=\"\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\">West Germany,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"France,\" data-translation=\"\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f,\">France,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Belgium,\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438\u044f,\">Belgium,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Italy,\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f,\">Italy,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Luxembourg and the Netherlands\" data-translation=\"\u041b\u044e\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 \u0438 \u041d\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\">Luxembourg and the Netherlands<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"formed the European Economic Community (EEC)\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u0415\u042d\u0421)\">formed the European Economic Community (EEC)<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in 1957.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 1957 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">in 1957.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"At first the UK did not wish to join the EEC\" data-translation=\"\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0415\u042d\u0421,\">At first the UK did not wish to join the EEC<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but it eventually did so in 1973.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">but it eventually did so in 1973.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The UK is a full member\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\">The UK is a full member<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the European Union\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430,\">of the European Union<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but does not use the Euro currency.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0443 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e.\">but does not use the Euro currency.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\">Chapter 2<\/p>\n<p><!-- Page 14 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"filter-block\">\n<div class=\"text-container id1-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Conservative government from 1979 to 1997\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 1979 \u043f\u043e 1997 \u0433\u043e\u0434\">Conservative government from 1979 to 1997<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Margaret Thatcher (1925\u20132013)\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0422\u044d\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440 (1925\u20132013)\">Margaret Thatcher (1925\u20132013)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Margaret-Thatcher.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"642\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7227 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Margaret-Thatcher.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Margaret-Thatcher-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Margaret-Thatcher-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container id4-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Margaret Thatcher\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0422\u044d\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440\">Margaret Thatcher<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Margaret Thatcher was the daughter of a grocer\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0422\u044d\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430\">Margaret Thatcher was the daughter of a grocer<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from Grantham in Lincolnshire.\" data-translation=\"\u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435.\">from Grantham in Lincolnshire.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"She trained as a chemist and lawyer.\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430.\">She trained as a chemist and lawyer.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"She was elected as a Conservative MP in 1959\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1959 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">She was elected as a Conservative MP in 1959<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and became a cabinet minister in 1970\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 1970 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">and became a cabinet minister in 1970<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"as the Secretary of State for Education and Science.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438.\">as the Secretary of State for Education and Science.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1975 she was elected as Leader\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1975 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c\">In 1975 she was elected as Leader<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the Conservative Party\" data-translation=\"\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438\">of the Conservative Party<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and so became Leader of the Opposition.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438.\">and so became Leader of the Opposition.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Following the Conservative victory\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\">Following the Conservative victory<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the General Election in 1979,\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430,\">in the General Election in 1979,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0422\u044d\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\">Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">of the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"She was the longest-serving Prime Minister\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\">She was the longest-serving Prime Minister<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"of the 20th century,\" data-translation=\"\u0432 20 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435,\">of the 20th century,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"remaining in Office until 1990.\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043e 1990 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\">remaining in Office until 1990.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"During her premiership,\" data-translation=\"\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\">During her premiership,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"there were a number of important economic reforms\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\">there were a number of important economic reforms<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"within the UK.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.\">within the UK.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"She worked closely with the United States President,\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\">She worked closely with the United States President,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Ronald Reagan,\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c,\">Ronald Reagan,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and was one of the first Western leaders\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432,\">and was one of the first Western leaders<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to recognise and welcome the changes\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">to recognise and welcome the changes<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the leadership of the Soviet Union\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430,\">in the leadership of the Soviet Union<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"which eventually led to the end of the Cold War.\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b.\">which eventually led to the end of the Cold War.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Margaret Thatcher,\" data-translation=\"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0422\u044d\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440,\">Margaret Thatcher,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Britain\u2019s first woman Prime Minister,\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438,\">Britain\u2019s first woman Prime Minister,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"led the Conservative government\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">led the Conservative government<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"from 1979 to 1990.\" data-translation=\"\u0441 1979 \u043f\u043e 1990 \u0433\u043e\u0434.\">from 1979 to 1990.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The government made structural changes\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">The government made structural changes<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to the economy\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435\">to the economy<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"through the privatisation of nationalised industries\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0439\">through the privatisation of nationalised industries<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and imposed legal controls\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\">and imposed legal controls<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on trade union powers.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043e\u0432.\">on trade union powers.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Deregulation saw a great increase\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\">Deregulation saw a great increase<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the role of the City of London\" data-translation=\"\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0438\">in the role of the City of London<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"as an international centre for investments,\" data-translation=\"\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439,\">as an international centre for investments,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"insurance and other financial services.\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433.\">insurance and other financial services.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Traditional industries,\" data-translation=\"\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438,\">Traditional industries,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"such as shipbuilding and coal mining,\" data-translation=\"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f,\">such as shipbuilding and coal mining,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"declined.\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a.\">declined.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1982,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1982 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\">In 1982,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands,\" data-translation=\"\u0410\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0424\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430,\">Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a British overseas territory\" data-translation=\"\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e\">a British overseas territory<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"in the South Atlantic.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435.\">in the South Atlantic.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"A naval taskforce was sent from the UK\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u0437 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430,\">A naval taskforce was sent from the UK<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and military action led to the recovery of the islands.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432.\">and military action led to the recovery of the islands.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"John Major was Prime Minister after Mrs Thatcher,\" data-translation=\"\u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u041c\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0436\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0422\u044d\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440\">John Major was Prime Minister after Mrs Thatcher,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and helped establish the Northern Ireland peace process.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438.\">and helped establish the Northern Ireland peace process.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Roald Dahl (1916\u201390)\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u043e\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c (1916\u201390)\">Roald Dahl (1916\u201390)<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/91.98.65.172\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ROALD-DAHL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1006\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7229 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ROALD-DAHL.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ROALD-DAHL-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ROALD-DAHL-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/itsiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ROALD-DAHL-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Roald Dahl was born in Wales\" data-translation=\"\u0420\u043e\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0435\">Roald Dahl was born in Wales<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to Norwegian parents.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.\">to Norwegian parents.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He served in the Royal Air Force\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u0412\u0421\">He served in the Royal Air Force<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"during the Second World War.\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b.\">during the Second World War.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It was during the 1940s\" data-translation=\"\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 1940-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445\">It was during the 1940s<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"that he began to publish books and short stories.\" data-translation=\"\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b.\">that he began to publish books and short stories.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"He is most well known for his children\u2019s books,\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438,\">He is most well known for his children\u2019s books,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"although he also wrote for adults.\" data-translation=\"\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445.\">although he also wrote for adults.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"His best-known works include\" data-translation=\"\u0415\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\">His best-known works include<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" data-translation=\"\u00ab\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0448\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb\">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and George\u2019s Marvellous Medicine.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u00ab\u0427\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0430\u00bb.\">and George\u2019s Marvellous Medicine.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Several of his books have been made into films.\" data-translation=\"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b.\">Several of his books have been made into films.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container id2-style\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Labour government from 1997-2010\" data-translation=\"\u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 1997 \u043f\u043e 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\">Labour government from 1997-2010<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-container\"><span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In 1997 the Labour Party\" data-translation=\"\u0412 1997 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\">In 1997 the Labour Party<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"led by Tony Blair was elected.\" data-translation=\"\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0422\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0411\u043b\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430.\">led by Tony Blair was elected.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Blair government introduced\" data-translation=\"\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\">The Blair government introduced<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly.\" data-translation=\"\u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438 \u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u044e.\">a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Scottish Parliament has substantial powers\" data-translation=\"\u0428\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\">The Scottish Parliament has substantial powers<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"to legislate.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\">to legislate.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Welsh Assembly was given fewer legislative powers\" data-translation=\"\u0423\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439,\">The Welsh Assembly was given fewer legislative powers<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but considerable control over public services.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438.\">but considerable control over public services.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"In Northern Ireland,\" data-translation=\"\u0412 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\">In Northern Ireland,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"the Blair government was able to build\" data-translation=\"\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u043b\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\">the Blair government was able to build<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"on the peace process,\" data-translation=\"\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441,\">on the peace process,<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"resulting in the Good Friday Agreement\" data-translation=\"\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b\">resulting in the Good Friday Agreement<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"signed in 1998.\" data-translation=\"\u0432 1998 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">signed in 1998.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"The Northern Ireland Assembly was elected in 1999\" data-translation=\"\u0410\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1999 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443,\">The Northern Ireland Assembly was elected in 1999<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"but suspended in 2002.\" data-translation=\"\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 2002 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">but suspended in 2002.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"It was not reinstated until 2007.\" data-translation=\"\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e 2007 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\">It was not reinstated until 2007.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Most paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland\" data-translation=\"\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\">Most paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"have decommissioned their arms\" data-translation=\"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435\">have decommissioned their arms<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"and are inactive.\" data-translation=\"\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442.\">and are inactive.<\/span> <span class=\"text-with-button\" data-original=\"Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in 2007.\" data-translation=\"\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 2007 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\">Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"\n  text-align: center;\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\n  color: #333333;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  word-break: break-word;\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  margin: 1em 0;\n\"><br \/>\n  Chapter 2\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><!-- HTML \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 --><br \/>\n<!-- \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 HTML-\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 --><\/p>\n<div id=\"pagination-controls\">\n<ul class=\"uk-pagination uk-flex-center\" uk-margin>\n        <!-- \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 Prev\/Next\/\u041d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\/\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 JS -->\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><!-- \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-navigation-controls\">\n<p>    <!-- \u041a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e \u0421\u041b\u0415\u0412\u0410 (\u0441 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439) --><br \/>\n    <!-- \u0423\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430, aria-label \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 page-nav-button--icon-only --><br \/>\n    <button class=\"uk-button page-nav-button page-nav-button--icon-only\" type=\"button\" uk-toggle=\"target: #offcanvas-nav\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><br \/>\n      <span uk-icon=\"icon: settings\"><\/span> <!-- \u0418\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430 settings --><br \/>\n    <\/button><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0421\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0410 --><\/p>\n<div id=\"go-to-page-wrapper\">\n      <input type=\"number\" id=\"go-to-page-input\" min=\"1\" placeholder=\"Page...\" \/><br \/>\n      <!-- \u041a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c page-nav-button--icon-only --><br \/>\n      <button id=\"go-to-page-button\" class=\"page-nav-button page-nav-button--icon-only\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\"><br \/>\n        <span uk-icon=\"search\"><\/span><br \/>\n      <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 .page-navigation-controls --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e (\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 PDF) --><\/p>\n<div id=\"offcanvas-nav\" uk-offcanvas=\"overlay: true\">\n<div class=\"uk-offcanvas-bar\">\n<h4 class=\"uk-nav-header\">Table of contents<\/h4>\n<p>    <!-- Section 1 --><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"4\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>1. The values and principles of the UK<\/div>\n<div>4<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\">\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"4\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>1.1 Chapter 1: The values and principles of the UK<\/div>\n<div>4<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"5\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>1.2 Becoming a permanent resident<\/div>\n<div>5<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"6\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>1.3 The values and principles of the UK<\/div>\n<div>6<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"7\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>1.4 Taking the Life in the UK test<\/div>\n<div>7<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"uk-margin-top\"><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f --><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 2 --><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"8\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>2. What is the UK<\/div>\n<div>8<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\">\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"8\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>2.1 Chapter 2: What is the UK?<\/div>\n<div>8<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"9\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>2.2 What is the UK?<\/div>\n<div>9<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"uk-margin-top\"><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f --><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 3 --><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"10\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3. A long and illustrious history<\/div>\n<div>10<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\">\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"10\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.1 Chapter 3: A long and illustrious history<\/div>\n<div>10<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"11\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.2 Britain since 1945<\/div>\n<div>11<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"16\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.3 A global power<\/div>\n<div>16<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"23\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.4 The 20th century<\/div>\n<div>23<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"27\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.5 The Middle Ages<\/div>\n<div>27<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"32\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.6 The Tudors and Stuarts<\/div>\n<div>32<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"39\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>3.7 Early Britain<\/div>\n<div>39<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"uk-margin-top\"><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f --><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 4 --><br \/>\n    <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"43\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4. A modern, thriving society<\/div>\n<div>43<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\">\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"43\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.1 Chapter 4: A modern, thriving society<\/div>\n<div>43<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"44\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.2 Arts and culture<\/div>\n<div>44<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"51\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.3 Customs and traditions<\/div>\n<div>51<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"54\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.4 Leisure<\/div>\n<div>54<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"59\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.5 Places of interest<\/div>\n<div>59<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"62\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.6 Religion<\/div>\n<div>62<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"64\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.7 Sport<\/div>\n<div>64<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"68\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>4.8 The UK today<\/div>\n<div>68<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"uk-margin-top\"><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f --><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 5 --><br \/>\n     <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"72\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5. The UK Government, the law and your role<\/div>\n<div>72<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\">\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"72\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.1 Chapter 5: The UK government, the law and your role<\/div>\n<div>72<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"73\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.2 The development of British democracy<\/div>\n<div>73<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"74\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.3 The British constitution<\/div>\n<div>74<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"79\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.4 Fundamental principles<\/div>\n<div>79<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"82\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.5 Respecting the law<\/div>\n<div>82<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"86\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.6 The government<\/div>\n<div>86<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"90\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.7 The UK and international institutions<\/div>\n<div>90<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"93\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>5.8 Your role in the community<\/div>\n<div>93<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"uk-margin-top\"><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f --><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 6 --><br \/>\n     <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"96\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>6. Summary<\/div>\n<div>96<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\">\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"96\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>6.1 Sources<\/div>\n<div>96<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\" data-page=\"97\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-grid-small\" uk-grid>\n<div class=\"uk-width-expand\" uk-leader>6.2 Key Material and Facts<\/div>\n<div>97<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>        <\/a>\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    <!-- \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f --><br \/>\n    <!-- \n\n<div class=\"uk-margin-top\"><\/div>\n\n --><\/p><\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 .uk-offcanvas-bar -->\n<\/div>\n<p> <!-- \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 #offcanvas-nav --><\/p>\n<style>\n    \/* \u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e *\/\n    #offcanvas-nav .uk-offcanvas-bar {\n      width: 450px; \/* \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 *\/\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    \/* \u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 *\/\n    @media (max-width: 400px) {\n      #offcanvas-nav .uk-offcanvas-bar {\n        width: 90vw; \n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<style>\n<p> \/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n.page-navigation-controls {\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n  align-items: center;\n  margin-top: 10px;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438 \"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\" == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n#go-to-page-wrapper {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n  flex-wrap: nowrap;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n#go-to-page-input {\n  \/* --- \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 --- *\/\n  background-color: rgba(67, 72, 92, .04);\n  border: 1px solid #dfe3e8;\n  color: #515070;\n  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;\n  \/* --- \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b --- *\/\n  height: 45px; \/* !!! \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041e: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 (\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 34px) !!! *\/\n  width:80px; \/* \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e *\/\n  padding: 0 10px;\n  font-size: 16px; \/* \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0443\u043c\u0430 *\/\n  line-height:40px; \/* !!! \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041e: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 - 2px (\u0434\u043b\u044f border) !!! *\/\n  border-radius: 4px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* --- \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0435 --- *\/\n#go-to-page-input:focus {\n  outline: none;\n  border-color: #1e87f0;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* --- \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 --- *\/\n#go-to-page-input::placeholder {\n  color: #999;\n  opacity: 1;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (Contents \u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438) == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n.page-nav-button {\n  \/* --- \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 --- *\/\n  background-color: #e8eef2;\n  color: #515070;\n  border: 1px solid #dfe3e8;\n  \/* --- \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b --- *\/\n  padding: 0 18px; \/* \u041f\u0430\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c *\/\n  height: 45px; \/* !!! \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041e: \u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 (\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 34px) !!! *\/\n  font-size: 14px;\n  border-radius: 4px;\n  \/* --- \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 --- *\/\n  cursor: pointer;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  display: inline-flex; \/* \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c flex \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 *\/\n  align-items: center;    \/* \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 *\/\n  justify-content: center;\/* \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 *\/\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  transition: background-color 0.1s ease-in-out, border-color 0.1s ease-in-out, color 0.1s ease-in-out;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n.page-nav-button--icon-only {\n  padding: 0; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0433 *\/\n  width: 45px; \/* !!! \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u041e: \u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435 (\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 34px) !!! *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* --- \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 --- *\/\n.page-nav-button:hover {\n  background-color: #dde4e9;\n  border-color: #ced4da;\n  color: #515070;\n  text-decoration: none;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438 \"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\" (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b) == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n#go-to-page-button {\n  \/* \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 --icon-only *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\n.page-nav-button span[uk-icon] {\n  \/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f UIkit *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* =============================================== *\/\n\/* == \u041c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 == *\/\n\/* =============================================== *\/\ninput[type=\"number\"] {\n  font-size: 16px; \/* \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e-\u0437\u0443\u043c *\/\n}   <\/p>\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n<div><script><\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b: contents-menu-handler.js<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e DOM \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 jQuery \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\njQuery(function($) {<\/p>\n<p>    console.log('Contents menu handler script initialized.');<\/p>\n<p>    const offcanvasSelector = '#offcanvas-nav';\n    const navItemSelector = 'a.contents-nav-item';<\/p>\n<p>    $(offcanvasSelector).on('click', navItemSelector, function (e) {\n        e.preventDefault();<\/p>\n<p>        const $link = $(this);\n        const pageStr = $link.data('page');\n        const pageNum = parseInt(pageStr, 10);<\/p>\n<p>        if (!isNaN(pageNum) && pageNum >= 1 && typeof window.goToPage === 'function') {\n            const pageIndex = pageNum - 1;\n            console.log(`[Contents Menu] Will navigate to page index ${pageIndex} (Page ${pageNum})`);<\/p>\n<p>            if (typeof UIkit !== 'undefined' && UIkit.offcanvas) {\n                const offcanvasInstance = UIkit.offcanvas(offcanvasSelector);\n                if (offcanvasInstance) {\n                    \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f offcanvas\n                    $(offcanvasSelector).one('hidden', function () {\n                        console.log('[Contents Menu] Offcanvas closed, now navigating to page.');\n                        window.goToPage(pageIndex);\n                    });<\/p>\n<p>                    offcanvasInstance.hide();\n                } else {\n                    console.warn(`[Contents Menu] Could not find offcanvas instance for ${offcanvasSelector} to hide.`);\n                    window.goToPage(pageIndex); \/\/ fallback\n                }\n            } else {\n                console.warn('[Contents Menu] UIkit or UIkit.offcanvas is not available to hide the menu.');\n                window.goToPage(pageIndex); \/\/ fallback\n            }<\/p>\n<p>        } else if (typeof window.goToPage !== 'function') {\n            console.error('[Contents Menu] Function window.goToPage is not defined.');\n        } else {\n            console.warn('[Contents Menu] Invalid page number in data-page attribute:', pageStr);\n        }\n    });<\/p>\n<p>});<\/p>\n<p><\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<style>\n\/* --- \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432 --- *\/\n\/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u044b \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430 *\/\nul.uk-switcher.uk-margin {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n    padding: 0 !important; \/* \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 padding \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440 *\/\n.paginated-content-host {\n    padding-top: 0;\n    padding-bottom: 15px; \/* \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 *\/\n    margin-top: 0;\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 *\/\n#pagination-controls {\n    margin-top: 0; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 *\/\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n    padding: 0;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 *\/\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination {\n    margin-top: 0;\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n    \/* \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439) *\/\n    justify-content: center;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* --- \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432 --- *\/<\/p>\n<p>\/* --- \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 --- *\/<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b *\/\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.page-number-item.uk-active a {\n  background-color: var(--uk-theme-primary) !important; \/* \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b *\/\n  color: var(--uk-theme-primary-color) !important; \/* \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 *\/\n  font-weight: bold !important;\n  border-radius: 2px !important;\n  text-decoration: none !important;\n  opacity: 1 !important; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d *\/\n  border: none !important; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0415\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 *\/\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.page-number-item:not(.uk-active) a:hover {\n   background-color: #f8f8f8; \/* \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043d *\/\n   color: #666; \/* \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 *\/\n   text-decoration: none; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b (\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c) *\/\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.page-number-item.uk-active a:hover {\n   background-color: var(--uk-theme-primary) !important; \/* \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e *\/\n   color: var(--uk-theme-primary-color) !important; \/* \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e *\/\n   cursor: default; \/* \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u0421\u0415\u0425 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438) *\/\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination a {\n  \/* font-family: 'Georgia', serif; *\/\n  font-family: 'Merriweather', serif; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d *\/\n  font-size: 15pt; \/* \u0412\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u0430 *\/\n  \/* \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e padding \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f *\/\n  padding: 5px 10px;\n  display: inline-block; \/* \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f padding *\/\n  line-height: 1.2; \/* \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041d\u0415\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u042b\u0425 (disabled) \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a *\/\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.uk-disabled a {\n  opacity: 0.5 !important; \/* \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, !important \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 *\/\n  cursor: not-allowed !important; \/* \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0440 *\/\n  background-color: transparent !important; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b *\/\n  color: inherit !important; \/* \u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 hover *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e) *\/\n\/*\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li:not(.uk-disabled) a[uk-switcher-item]:hover {\n   background-color: #f8f8f8;\n   color: #666;\n}\n*\/<\/p>\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n<div><script>\nlet switcherInstance = null;<\/p>\n<p>jQuery(function($) {\n    const pageElementSelector = '.paginated-page-content';\n    const paginationControlsId = '#pagination-controls';\n    const animationType = 'uk-animation-slide-left';\n    const hostElementClass = 'paginated-content-host';\n    const observerTargetSelector = '.yootheme-builder';<\/p>\n<p>    function scrollToTop($target) {\n        $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $target.offset().top }, 300);\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    function renderSmartPagination($paginationList, currentIndex, totalPages) {\n        const maxVisible = 7;\n        let html = '';<\/p>\n<p>        html += '<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#\" class=\"pagination-prev\" aria-label=\"Previous\"><span uk-pagination-previous><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<p>';<\/p>\n<p>        const visiblePages = [];\n        if (totalPages <= maxVisible) {\n            for (let i = 0; i < totalPages; i++) visiblePages.push(i);\n        } else {\n            visiblePages.push(0);\n            const start = Math.max(currentIndex - 1, 1);\n            const end = Math.min(currentIndex + 1, totalPages - 2);\n\n            if (start > 1) visiblePages.push('dots');\n            for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) visiblePages.push(i);\n            if (end < totalPages - 2) visiblePages.push('dots');\n            visiblePages.push(totalPages - 1);\n        }\n\n        visiblePages.forEach(i => {\n            if (i === 'dots') {\n                html += '<\/p>\n<li class=\"uk-disabled\"><span>\u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<p>';\n            } else {\n                html += `<\/p>\n<li class=\"page-number-item ${i === currentIndex ? 'uk-active' : ''}\"><a href=\"#\" data-page-index=\"${i}\">${i + 1}<\/a><\/li>\n<p>`;\n            }\n        });<\/p>\n<p>        html += '<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#\" class=\"pagination-next\" aria-label=\"Next\"><span uk-pagination-next><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<p>';<\/p>\n<p>        $paginationList.html(html);\n        $paginationList.find('.pagination-prev').parent().toggleClass('uk-disabled', currentIndex === 0);\n        $paginationList.find('.pagination-next').parent().toggleClass('uk-disabled', currentIndex === totalPages - 1);\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    function initializePagination() {\n        const $pageElements = $(pageElementSelector);\n        const $paginationContainer = $(paginationControlsId);\n        const $paginationList = $paginationContainer.find('.uk-pagination');\n        const $originalParents = $pageElements.parent();<\/p>\n<p>        if ($pageElements.length <= 1 || !$paginationContainer.length || !$paginationList.length) return;\n\n        const $switcherWrapper = $('\n\n<ul class=\"uk-switcher uk-margin\"><\/ul>\n<p>');<\/p>\n<p>        $pageElements.each(function() {\n            const $originalBlock = $(this);\n            const $pageLi = $('<\/p>\n<li><\/li>\n<p>').append($originalBlock.clone(true, true));\n            $switcherWrapper.append($pageLi);\n            $originalBlock.remove();\n        });<\/p>\n<p>        const $firstParent = $originalParents.first();\n        if ($firstParent.length) {\n            $firstParent.addClass(hostElementClass);\n            $firstParent.empty().append($switcherWrapper);\n            $originalParents.slice(1).hide();\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        const totalPages = $switcherWrapper.children().length;<\/p>\n<p>        switcherInstance = UIkit.switcher($switcherWrapper, {\n            animation: animationType,\n            swiping: true\n        });<\/p>\n<p>        function goToPage(index) {\n            if (index >= 0 && index < totalPages) {\n                switcherInstance.show(index);\n                renderSmartPagination($paginationList, index, totalPages);\n                scrollToTop($switcherWrapper);\n            }\n        }\n\n        \/\/ \u0413\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\n        window.goToPage = goToPage;\n\n        $paginationList.off('click').on('click', 'li.page-number-item a', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            const pageIndex = $(this).data('page-index');\n            if (typeof pageIndex === 'number') goToPage(pageIndex);\n        });\n\n        $paginationList.on('click', '.pagination-prev', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            const currentIndex = $switcherWrapper.find('li.uk-active').index();\n            if (currentIndex > 0) goToPage(currentIndex - 1);\n        });<\/p>\n<p>        $paginationList.on('click', '.pagination-next', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            const currentIndex = $switcherWrapper.find('li.uk-active').index();\n            if (currentIndex < totalPages - 1) goToPage(currentIndex + 1);\n        });\n\n        UIkit.util.on($switcherWrapper, 'shown', function(event, switcher) {\n            const $activeLi = $switcherWrapper.children('li.uk-active');\n            const foundIndex = $activeLi.index();\n            if (foundIndex >= 0) renderSmartPagination($paginationList, foundIndex, totalPages);\n        });<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\n        setTimeout(function() {\n            if (typeof switcherInstance.show === 'function') {\n                switcherInstance.show(0);\n                setTimeout(() => {\n                    UIkit.util.trigger($switcherWrapper, 'shown', [null, switcherInstance]);\n                }, 150);\n            }\n        }, 100);<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\n        $('#go-to-page-button').on('click', function () {\n            const inputVal = parseInt($('#go-to-page-input').val(), 10);\n            if (!isNaN(inputVal) && inputVal >= 1 && inputVal <= totalPages) {\n                goToPage(inputVal - 1);\n            } else {\n                alert('\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b.');\n            }\n        });\n    }\n\n    initializePagination();\n\n    const observerTarget = document.querySelector(observerTargetSelector);\n    if (observerTarget) {\n        const observer = new MutationObserver((mutationsList) => {\n            let shouldRebuild = false;\n            mutationsList.forEach(mutation => {\n                if (\n                    mutation.type === 'childList' &&\n                    ([...mutation.addedNodes, ...mutation.removedNodes].some(node =>\n                        node.nodeType === 1 && node.classList.contains('paginated-page-content')\n                    ))\n                ) {\n                    shouldRebuild = true;\n                }\n            });<\/p>\n<p>            if (shouldRebuild) {\n                initializePagination();\n            }\n        });<\/p>\n<p>        observer.observe(observerTarget, {\n            childList: true,\n            subtree: true\n        });\n    }\n});<\/p>\n<p><\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<style>\n\/* \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 *\/\n.filter-block {\n    display: block;\n    width: 100%;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 *\/\n.text-container {\n    display: inline; \/* inline \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e *\/\n    line-height: 1.5;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c *\/\n.text-with-button {\n    display: inline; \/* inline \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e *\/\n    font-family: 'Georgia', serif; \/* \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 *\/\n    font-size: 18.5pt; \/* \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 *\/\n    color: #333; \/* \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 *\/\n    line-height: 1.7; \/* \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f *\/\n    word-break: break-word; \/* \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 *\/\n    overflow-wrap: break-word; \/* \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 *\/\n    user-select: none; \/* \u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 *\/\n    -webkit-user-select: none; \/* \u0414\u043b\u044f Safari \u0438 Chrome \u043d\u0430 iOS *\/\n    -ms-user-select: none; \/* \u0414\u043b\u044f Internet Explorer \u0438 Edge *\/\n    -moz-user-select: none; \/* \u0414\u043b\u044f Firefox *\/\n    -webkit-touch-callout: none; \/* \u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e \u043d\u0430 iOS *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) *\/\n.text-with-button.translated {\n    font-size: 16pt; \/* \u041d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 *\/\n    color: #777; \/* \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 *\/\n    font-style: italic; \/* \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p> .text-container {\n    display: block;\n    text-indent: 20px; \/* \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0430 *\/\n} <\/p>\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n<div><script src=\"https:\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-3.6.4.min.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script>\njQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\n    console.log(\"--- Script Initializing (Google TTS - Delegated Events for Switcher) ---\");<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ Check jQuery\n    if (typeof $ === 'undefined') {\n        console.error(\"jQuery \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d! Script stopped.\");\n        return;\n    }\n    console.log(\"jQuery Found.\");<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ --- State Variables ---\n    var pressTimer = null;          \/\/ Timer for long press (translation)\n    var interactionElement = null;  \/\/ Element currently being long-pressed\n    var currentAudioObject = null;  \/\/ Holds the currently playing\/loading Audio object\n    var isFetchingAudio = false;    \/\/ Flag: true if a request to Google TTS is in progress\n    var currentAudioElement = null; \/\/ Element associated with currentAudioObject<\/p>\n<p>    console.log(\"Variables initialized.\");<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ --- Event Delegation Setup ---\n    \/\/ IMPORTANT: Change 'body' to a more specific parent container ID\/class\n    \/\/ if possible (e.g., '#my-switcher-id', '.my-switcher-wrapper')\n    var containerSelector = 'body';\n    console.log(`Attaching delegated events to: ${containerSelector}`);<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ --- Google TTS API Key ---\n    \/\/ \u0412\u041d\u0418\u041c\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415: \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c API \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432!\n    var googleApiKey = 'AIzaSyCYou31ppyCN-5QuOIOl4JegNWFHMeoAXk'; \/\/ \u0412\u0410\u0428 \u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427 API<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ --- Function to Stop Current Audio ---\n    function stopCurrentAudio() {\n        if (currentAudioObject) {\n            console.log(\"Stopping previous audio.\");\n            currentAudioObject.pause();\n            \/\/ Remove event listeners to prevent memory leaks if object is reused (though we create new ones)\n            currentAudioObject.onended = null;\n            currentAudioObject.onerror = null;\n            currentAudioObject = null; \/\/ Clear the reference\n        }\n        if (currentAudioElement) {\n            currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-playing'); \/\/ Optional: remove playing style\n            currentAudioElement = null;\n        }\n        isFetchingAudio = false; \/\/ Ensure fetch flag is reset if audio is stopped externally\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ --- Event Handlers using Delegation ---<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ 1. Handle Long Press (Translation) - Adapted from GitHub example\n    $(containerSelector).on('mousedown touchstart', '.text-with-button', function (e) {\n        interactionElement = $(this);\n        var originalText = interactionElement.data('original'); \/\/ Use original text for logging\n        console.log(`[${originalText}] mousedown\/touchstart detected.`);<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ --- Stop audio if long press starts ---\n        \/\/ This prevents translation appearing while audio is playing from a previous dblclick\n        if (currentAudioObject) {\n             console.log(`[${originalText}] Long press initiated, stopping current audio.`);\n             stopCurrentAudio();\n        }\n        \/\/ ---<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ Clear any previous press timer\n        clearTimeout(pressTimer);\n        pressTimer = null;<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ Start press timer for translation\n        pressTimer = setTimeout(function () {\n             if (!interactionElement || !document.body.contains(interactionElement[0])) {\n                 console.warn(`[${originalText}] pressTimer fired, but interactionElement is null or detached.`);\n                 pressTimer = null;\n                 interactionElement = null;\n                 return;\n             }\n            console.log(`[${originalText}] pressTimer fired (long press).`);\n            pressTimer = null; \/\/ Timer has fired<\/p>\n<p>            \/\/ Perform translation\n            var isCurrentlyTranslated = interactionElement.data('translated');\n            if (!isCurrentlyTranslated) {\n                interactionElement.text(interactionElement.data('translation'));\n                interactionElement.data('translated', true);\n                interactionElement.addClass('translated');\n            } else {\n                interactionElement.text(interactionElement.data('original'));\n                interactionElement.data('translated', false);\n                interactionElement.removeClass('translated');\n            }\n             console.log(`[${originalText}] Translation action complete.`);\n             \/\/ Keep interactionElement until mouseup\/touchend<\/p>\n<p>        }, 700); \/\/ 700ms duration\n        console.log(`[${originalText}] pressTimer set for 700ms.`);<\/p>\n<p>    }).on('mouseup touchend mouseleave touchcancel touchmove', '.text-with-button', function (e) { \/\/ Added touchcancel\n        \/\/ Clear press timer if the interaction ends or is interrupted\n        if (interactionElement && interactionElement.is($(this))) {\n             var originalText = interactionElement.data('original');\n             if (pressTimer) {\n                 clearTimeout(pressTimer);\n                 console.log(`[${originalText}] Cleared pressTimer due to ${e.type}.`);\n                 pressTimer = null;\n             }\n             \/\/ Reset interaction element only on end\/leave\/cancel\/move\n             if (e.type !== 'mousedown' && e.type !== 'touchstart') {\n                 interactionElement = null;\n             }\n        } else if (pressTimer && (e.type === 'mouseleave' || e.type === 'touchmove' || e.type === 'touchcancel')) {\n            \/\/ If interactionElement was lost but timer exists, clear it\n            clearTimeout(pressTimer);\n            console.log(`[Unknown Text] Cleared pressTimer due to ${e.type} with lost element.`);\n            pressTimer = null;\n            interactionElement = null;\n        }\n    });<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ 2. Handle Double Click (Google TTS Audio Playback)\n    $(containerSelector).on('dblclick', '.text-with-button', function (e) {\n        var $this = $(this);\n        var textToSpeak = $this.data('original');\n        console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] dblclick detected.`);<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ IMPORTANT: Cancel any pending long press immediately\n        if (pressTimer) {\n            clearTimeout(pressTimer);\n            console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Cleared pressTimer due to dblclick.`);\n            pressTimer = null;\n        }\n        \/\/ Reset interaction element state if it was somehow still set\n        interactionElement = null;<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ Check if translation was accidentally triggered\n        if ($this.hasClass('translated')) {\n            console.warn(`[${textToSpeak}] Element was translated during dblclick sequence. Reverting.`);\n            $this.text($this.data('original'));\n            $this.data('translated', false);\n            $this.removeClass('translated');\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ --- Google TTS Playback Logic ---\n        if (isFetchingAudio) {\n            console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Ignoring dblclick: Audio fetch already in progress.`);\n            return; \/\/ Don't start a new fetch if one is already running\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ Stop any currently playing audio before starting new fetch\n        stopCurrentAudio();<\/p>\n<p>        console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Starting Google TTS fetch...`);\n        isFetchingAudio = true;\n        currentAudioElement = $this; \/\/ Store the element requesting audio\n        $this.addClass('audio-loading'); \/\/ Add loading indicator style<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ --- SSML Preparation ---\n        \/\/ *** \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0421\u041a\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u0420\u0415\u0427\u0418 ***\n        \/\/ \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 161: \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \"90%\", \"80%\", \"50%\") \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.\n        var speechRate = \"75%\";\n        var ssmlTextToSpeak = `<speak><prosody rate=\"${speechRate}\">${textToSpeak}<\/prosody><\/speak>`;\n        \/\/ --- End SSML Preparation ---<\/p>\n<p>        fetch('https:\/\/texttospeech.googleapis.com\/v1\/text:synthesize?key=' + googleApiKey, {\n            method: 'POST',\n            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application\/json' },\n            body: JSON.stringify({\n                \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c SSML \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e text\n                input: { ssml: ssmlTextToSpeak },\n                voice: { languageCode: 'en-GB', name: 'en-GB-Neural2-B', }, \/\/ \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\n                audioConfig: { audioEncoding: 'LINEAR16' },\n            })\n        })\n        .then(response => {\n            if (!response.ok) {\n                \/\/ Throw error to be caught by .catch\n                throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);\n            }\n            return response.json();\n        })\n        .then(data => {\n            $this.removeClass('audio-loading'); \/\/ Remove loading style\n            if (data.audioContent) {\n                console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Fetch successful. Creating and playing audio.`);\n                \/\/ Create a NEW Audio object for this playback\n                var newAudio = new Audio('data:audio\/wav;base64,' + data.audioContent);\n                currentAudioObject = newAudio; \/\/ Store reference to the new object<\/p>\n<p>                \/\/ Add ended\/error handlers to THIS instance\n                newAudio.onended = function() {\n                    console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Audio ended.`);\n                    if (currentAudioElement && currentAudioElement.is($this)) {\n                         currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-playing');\n                         currentAudioElement = null;\n                    }\n                    currentAudioObject = null; \/\/ Clear reference\n                    isFetchingAudio = false; \/\/ Allow new fetches\n                };\n                newAudio.onerror = function(e) {\n                    console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] Audio object error:`, e);\n                     if (currentAudioElement && currentAudioElement.is($this)) {\n                         currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-playing audio-loading');\n                         currentAudioElement = null;\n                    }\n                    currentAudioObject = null;\n                    isFetchingAudio = false;\n                    alert(`\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f: ${textToSpeak}`);\n                };<\/p>\n<p>                \/\/ Attempt to play\n                var playPromise = newAudio.play();\n                if (playPromise !== undefined) {\n                    playPromise.then(_ => {\n                        console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Playback started successfully.`);\n                        $this.addClass('audio-playing'); \/\/ Add playing indicator style\n                        \/\/ isFetchingAudio remains true until audio ends\/errors\n                    })\n                    .catch(error => {\n                        console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] audio.play() failed:`, error);\n                        $this.removeClass('audio-loading'); \/\/ Ensure loading style is removed\n                        \/\/ Alert or notify user about playback failure (common on mobile)\n                        alert(`\u041d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \"${textToSpeak}\". \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430.`);\n                        currentAudioObject = null; \/\/ Clear failed object\n                        currentAudioElement = null;\n                        isFetchingAudio = false; \/\/ Allow new attempts\n                    });\n                } else {\n                     console.warn(`[${textToSpeak}] audio.play() did not return a Promise.`);\n                     \/\/ Handle older browsers or unexpected cases if necessary\n                     isFetchingAudio = false; \/\/ Reset flag if play didn't return promise\n                }<\/p>\n<p>            } else {\n                console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] Fetch successful, but audioContent is missing in API response.`, data);\n                isFetchingAudio = false; \/\/ Allow new fetches\n            }\n        })\n        .catch(error => {\n            console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] Fetch failed:`, error);\n            if (currentAudioElement && currentAudioElement.is($this)) {\n                 currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-loading');\n                 currentAudioElement = null;\n            }\n            currentAudioObject = null;\n            isFetchingAudio = false; \/\/ Allow new fetches on error\n            alert(`\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f: ${textToSpeak}. ${error.message}`);\n        });\n        \/\/ Note: isFetchingAudio remains true until the audio ends\/errors or fetch fails.\n    });<\/p>\n<p>    console.log(\"--- Script Initialized Successfully (Google TTS - Delegated Events) ---\");\n});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><!-- Add these optional styles to your CSS for better feedback --><\/p>\n<style>\n.text-with-button.audio-loading {\n    opacity: 0.6;\n    cursor: wait;\n}\n.text-with-button.audio-playing {\n    \/* Example: Add a subtle indicator *\/\n    box-shadow: 0 0 5px 2px rgba(78, 83, 107, 0.5);\n}\n.text-with-button.translated {\n    \/* Your existing styles for translated text *\/\n    font-style: italic;\n    color: #4e536b;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<style>\n<p>\/* \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 *\/\n.filter-block {\n  font-family: sans-serif; \/* \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u0430 *\/\n  padding: 0 5px;\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0430\/\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\/\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\/\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 *\/\n.text-container {\n  margin-bottom: 1em; \/* \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 *\/\n  line-height: 1.6; \/* \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 *\/\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 (id1) *\/\n.id1-style {\n  \/* font-size: 18px; <-- \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 *\/\n  \/* font-weight: bold; <-- \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 *\/\n  margin-top: 1.5em;\n  margin-bottom: 0.8em;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;\n  padding-bottom: 0.3em;\n  line-height: 1.2;\n  color: #003365; \/* \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d *\/\n  width: 97%;\n}\n\n\/* \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 id1 *\/\n.id1-style .text-with-button {\n  font-size: 25px !important; \/* <<< \u0414\u041e\u0411\u0410\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041e \u0421\u042e\u0414\u0410 + !important \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 *\/\n  font-weight: bold;      \/* <<< \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 *\/\n  color: #780020!important;\n  font-style: normal !important;\n}\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n\n\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 (id2) *\/\n.id2-style {\n  \/* font-size: 1.4em; <-- \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 *\/\n  \/* font-weight: bold; <-- \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 *\/\n  margin-top: 1.2em;\n  margin-bottom: 0.6em;\n  line-height: 1.3;\n  \/* \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 (\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439) *\/\n  color: #003365;\n}\n\n\/* \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 id2 *\/\n.id2-style .text-with-button {\n  font-size: 23px !important; \/* <<< \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 15px + !important *\/\n  font-weight: bold;      \/* <<< \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 *\/\n  color: #003365 !important; \/* <<< \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 + !important \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 *\/\n  \/* \u0421\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 span, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 *\/\n  font-style: normal !important; \/* \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 span *\/\n}\n\n\n\/* \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 (id3) *\/\n\n\/* \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 *\/\n.id3-style {\n  margin-left: 5px;\n  position: relative;\n  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n  padding-left: 20px; 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\/* \u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 100% \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 *\/\n  }\n}\n   \n    \n    \n    \n<\/style>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<!-- {\"type\":\"layout\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/Life-in-the-UK.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" height=\\\"1000\\\" class=\\\"aligncenter wp-image-7231 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"1\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\"><!-- \\u041d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Life in the UK:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438:\\\">Life in the UK:<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"A guide for new residents\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439\\\">A guide for new residents<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"3rd Edition,\\\" data-translation=\\\"3-\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435,\\\">3rd Edition<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id4-style\\\"><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id4-style\\\"><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<!-- \\u0417\\u0430\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0439 div \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f filter-block -->\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"2\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<p><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<p><style>\\n        \\\/* Optional basic styling for readability *\\\/\\n        body {\\n            font-family: sans-serif;\\n        }\\n        nav {\\n            color: grey; \\\/* Set default text color to grey *\\\/\\n        }\\n        nav ul {\\n            list-style: none;\\n            padding-left: 0;\\n        }\\n        nav ul ul {\\n            padding-left: 20px; \\\/* Indent subsections *\\\/\\n        }\\n        nav li {\\n            margin-bottom: 5px;\\n        }\\n        \\\/* Remove link-specific styling *\\\/\\n        \\\/*\\n        nav a {\\n            text-decoration: none;\\n            color: #007bff;\\n        }\\n        nav a:hover {\\n            text-decoration: underline;\\n        }\\n        *\\\/\\n        .page-number {\\n            float: right; \\\/* Align page numbers to the right *\\\/\\n            margin-left: 10px;\\n            color: grey; \\\/* Ensure page numbers are also grey *\\\/\\n        }\\n        \\\/* Clearfix for list items containing floated elements *\\\/\\n        nav li::after {\\n            content: \\\"\\\";\\n            display: table;\\n            clear: both;\\n        }\\n    <\\\/style><\\\/p>\\n<!-- \\u0421\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044e (\\u043e\\u0431\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e \\u0438\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u0440\\u0445\\u0438\\u0438 PDF) --><\/p>\n<nav id=\\\"table-of-contents\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<h4>Table of contents<\\\/h4>\\n<\/p>\n<ul><!-- Section 1 -->\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"4\\\">1. The values and principles of the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">4<\\\/span>\\n\n<ul>\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"4\\\">1.1 Chapter 1: The values and principles of the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">4<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"5\\\">1.2 Becoming a permanent resident<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">5<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"6\\\">1.3 The values and principles of the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">6<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"7\\\">1.4 Taking the Life in the UK test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">7<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<!-- Section 2 -->\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"8\\\">2. What is the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">8<\\\/span>\\n\n<ul>\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"8\\\">2.1 Chapter 2: What is the UK?<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">8<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"9\\\">2.2 What is the UK?<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">9<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<!-- Section 3 -->\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"10\\\">3. A long and illustrious history<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">10<\\\/span>\\n\n<ul>\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"10\\\">3.1 Chapter 3: A long and illustrious history<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">10<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"11\\\">3.2 Britain since 1945<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">11<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"16\\\">3.3 A global power<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">16<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"23\\\">3.4 The 20th century<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">23<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"27\\\">3.5 The Middle Ages<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">27<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"32\\\">3.6 The Tudors and Stuarts<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">32<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"39\\\">3.7 Early Britain<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">39<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<!-- Section 4 -->\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"43\\\">4. A modern, thriving society<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">43<\\\/span>\\n\n<ul>\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"43\\\">4.1 Chapter 4: A modern, thriving society<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">43<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"44\\\">4.2 Arts and culture<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">44<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"51\\\">4.3 Customs and traditions<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">51<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"54\\\">4.4 Leisure<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">54<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"59\\\">4.5 Places of interest<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">59<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"62\\\">4.6 Religion<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">62<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"64\\\">4.7 Sport<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">64<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"68\\\">4.8 The UK today<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">68<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<!-- Section 5 -->\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"72\\\">5. The UK Government, the law and your role<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">72<\\\/span>\\n\n<ul>\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"72\\\">5.1 Chapter 5: The UK government, the law and your role<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">72<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"73\\\">5.2 The development of British democracy<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">73<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"74\\\">5.3 The British constitution<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">74<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"79\\\">5.4 Fundamental principles<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">79<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"82\\\">5.5 Respecting the law<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">82<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"86\\\">5.6 The government<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">86<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"90\\\">5.7 The UK and international institutions<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">90<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"93\\\">5.8 Your role in the community<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">93<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<!-- Section 6 -->\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"96\\\">6. Summary<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">96<\\\/span>\\n\n<ul>\\n<\/p>\n<li><span data-page=\\\"96\\\">6.1 Sources<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">96<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n<li><span data-page=\\\"97\\\">6.2 Key Material and Facts<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"page-number\\\">97<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/nav>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"3\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 1\\n<\\\/p>\\n\\n\\n<!-- Page 4 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The values and principles of the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0426\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u044b \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The values and principles of the UK<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this chapter you will learn about the fundamental rights and responsibilities\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0443\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445,\\\">In this chapter you will learn about the fundamental rights and responsibilities<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which apply to everyone who lives in the UK,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0445, \\u043a\\u0442\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">which apply to everyone who lives in the UK,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"citizen or not.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e \\u043e\\u0442 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e, \\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0442.\\\">citizen or not.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There is also some information\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u043d\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f\\\">There is also some information<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about the format of the Life in the UK Test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">about the format of the Life in the UK Test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the requirements for becoming a permanent resident.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u0445 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f.\\\">and the requirements for becoming a permanent resident.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The questions you get in the real test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u044b, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435,\\\">The questions you get in the real test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"will be based on the whole book,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0442 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0435,\\\">will be based on the whole book,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including this introductory chapter\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u044d\\u0442\\u0443 \\u0432\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0443,\\\">including this introductory chapter<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"so make sure that you are familiar with the details\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b \\u0441 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438\\\">so make sure that you are familiar with the details<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the application process for permanent residence\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0446\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435,\\\">of the application process for permanent residence<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"as well as the rights and responsibilities of UK residents.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0441 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">as well as the rights and responsibilities of UK residents.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this chapter there is information about:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u043e:\\\">In this chapter there is information about:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The fundamental principles of British life\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0424\\u0443\\u043d\\u0434\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438\\\">The fundamental principles of British life<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Responsibilities and freedoms of all UK residents\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0445 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">Responsibilities and freedoms of all UK residents<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Becoming a permanent resident\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\\">Becoming a permanent resident<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Taking the Life in the UK test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">Taking the Life in the UK test<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The testable sections of this book\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0430\\u0437\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430\\u0445 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0438, \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u043b\\u0435\\u0436\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e\\\">The testable sections of this book<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain is a fantastic place to live:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u2014 \\u0444\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438:\\\">Britain is a fantastic place to live:<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a modern,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435,\\\">a modern,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"thriving society\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0435\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">thriving society<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"with a long and illustrious history.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0433\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439.\\\">with a long and illustrious history.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Our people have been at the heart\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0430\\u0448\\u0438 \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\\">Our people have been at the heart<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the world\\u2019s political,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e,\\\">of the world\\u2019s political,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"scientific,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0443\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e,\\\">scientific,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"industrial and cultural development.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b\\u0448\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0438 \\u043a\\u0443\\u043b\\u044c\\u0442\\u0443\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">industrial and cultural development.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"We are proud of our record\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u044b \\u0433\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0440\\u0435\\u043f\\u0443\\u0442\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439\\\">We are proud of our record<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of welcoming new migrants\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">of welcoming new migrants<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"who will add to the diversity and dynamism\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0431\\u0430\\u0432\\u044f\\u0442 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0430\\\">who will add to the diversity and dynamism<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of our national life.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438.\\\">of our national life.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Applying to become a permanent resident or citizen of the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">Applying to become a permanent resident or citizen of the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is an important decision and commitment.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0440\\u0435\\u0448\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u043c \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">is an important decision and commitment.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You will be agreeing to accept the responsibilities\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u044b \\u0441\\u043e\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0448\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u044f \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438,\\\">You will be agreeing to accept the responsibilities<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which go with permanent residence\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u043f\\u0443\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e,\\\">which go with permanent residence<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and to respect the laws,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u044b,\\\">and to respect the laws,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"values and traditions of the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">values and traditions of the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Good citizens are an asset to the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0425\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0448\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435 \\u2014 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">Good citizens are an asset to the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"We welcome those seeking to make a positive contribution\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u044b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u0435\\u043c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0445, \\u043a\\u0442\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432\\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0438\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\\">We welcome those seeking to make a positive contribution<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to our society.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e.\\\">to our society.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Passing the Life in the UK test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">Passing the Life in the UK test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is part of demonstrating\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e \\u0434\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e,\\\">is part of demonstrating<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that you are ready to become a permanent migrant to the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u0433\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e.\\\">that you are ready to become a permanent migrant to the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This handbook is designed to support you\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0430\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u043a\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0441\\\">This handbook is designed to support you<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in your preparation.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0433\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u043a\\u0435.\\\">in your preparation.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It will help you to integrate into society\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u0438\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0433\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">It will help you to integrate into society<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and play a full role in your local community.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435\\u043c \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0441\\u043e\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435.\\\">and play a full role in your local community.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It will also help ensure\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c,\\\">It will also help ensure<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that you have a broad general knowledge\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0443 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0441 \\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0448\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">that you have a broad general knowledge<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the culture,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u043a\\u0443\\u043b\\u044c\\u0442\\u0443\\u0440\\u0435,\\\">of the culture,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"laws and history of the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">laws and history of the UK.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"4\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 1\\n<\\\/p>\\n\\n\\n<!-- Page 5 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Becoming a permanent resident\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\\">Becoming a permanent resident<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"To apply to become a permanent resident\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0427\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\\">To apply to become a permanent resident<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or citizen of the UK,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">or citizen of the UK,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you will need to:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e:\\\">you will need to:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"speak and read English\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438 \\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e-\\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\\">speak and read English<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"have a good understanding\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0442\\u044c \\u0445\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0448\\u0435\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\\">have a good understanding<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of life in the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">of life in the UK.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There are currently (as of January 2013)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u0449\\u0435\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f (\\u043f\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u044f\\u043d\\u0432\\u0430\\u0440\\u044c 2013 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430)\\\">There are currently (as of January 2013)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"two ways you can be tested\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0434\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043a\\u0438\\\">two ways you can be tested<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on these requirements:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u043e\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u044f \\u044d\\u0442\\u0438\\u043c \\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c:\\\">on these requirements:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Take the Life in the UK test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb.\\\">Take the Life in the UK test.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The questions are written in a way\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u044b \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">The questions are written in a way<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that requires an understanding of the English language\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0430\\\">that requires an understanding of the English language<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Entry Level 3,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u0435 Entry Level 3 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0448\\u043a\\u0430\\u043b\\u0435 ESOL (\\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445 \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432),\\\">at English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Entry Level 3,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"so there is no need\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043d\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\\">so there is no need<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to take a separate English language test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043e\\u0442\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0443.\\\">to take a separate English language test.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"People here on work visas,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438, \\u043d\\u0430\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u044f\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435\\u0441\\u044f \\u0437\\u0434\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u043c \\u0432\\u0438\\u0437\\u0430\\u043c,\\\">People here on work visas,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including those on Tier 1 and Tier 2\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u0442\\u0435\\u0445, \\u043a\\u0442\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e \\u0441\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435 Tier 1 \\u0438 Tier 2\\\">including those on Tier 1 and Tier 2<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the points based system,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0430\\u043b\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b,\\\">of the points based system,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"normally must pass the Life in the UK test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb,\\\">normally must pass the Life in the UK test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to become permanent residents.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438.\\\">to become permanent residents.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Pass an ESOL course in English with Citizenship.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441 ESOL \\u043f\\u043e \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0443 \\u0441 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">Pass an ESOL course in English with Citizenship.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You will need to take this course\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0442 \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441,\\\">You will need to take this course<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"if your standard of English\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0435\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0448 \\u0443\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\\">if your standard of English<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is below ESOL Entry Level 3.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0438\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u044f ESOL Entry Level 3.\\\">is below ESOL Entry Level 3.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The course will help you\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c\\\">The course will help you<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to improve your English\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0443\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0448\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439\\\">to improve your English<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and learn more about life in the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0443\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0435 \\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and learn more about life in the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"At the end of the course\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435 \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441\\u0430\\\">At the end of the course<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you will take a test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u044b \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442.\\\">you will take a test.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Once you have passed one of these tests,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0432\\u044b \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d \\u0438\\u0437 \\u044d\\u0442\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">Once you have passed one of these tests,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you can make an application\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u044b \\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\\">you can make an application<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for permanent residence\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0438\\u0434\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">for permanent residence<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or British citizenship.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430.\\\">or British citizenship.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The form that you have to complete\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0424\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0443\\u044e \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c,\\\">The form that you have to complete<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the evidence that you need to provide\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c,\\\">and the evidence that you need to provide<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"will depend on your personal circumstances.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0435\\u0442\\u044c \\u043e\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432.\\\">will depend on your personal circumstances.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There is a fee for submitting an application,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0417\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0443 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432\\u0437\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0442\\u0430,\\\">There is a fee for submitting an application,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which is different for the various types of application.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0442\\u0438\\u043f\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439.\\\">which is different for the various types of application.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"All of the forms and a list of fees\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u044b \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u043e\\u043a \\u0441\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\\">All of the forms and a list of fees<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"can be found on the UK Border Agency website,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0431-\\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 \\u041f\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0430\\u0433\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">can be found on the UK Border Agency website,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk.\\\" data-translation=\\\"www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk.\\\">www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"From October 2013,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421 \\u043e\\u043a\\u0442\\u044f\\u0431\\u0440\\u044f 2013 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\\">From October 2013,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the requirements will change.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044f\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f.\\\">the requirements will change.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"From that date,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044b\\\">From that date,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for settlement or permanent residence,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0435\\u0448\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0438\\u0434\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">for settlement or permanent residence,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you will need to:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442:\\\">you will need to:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Pass the Life in the UK test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">Pass the Life in the UK test<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"AND\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\\">AND<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Produce acceptable evidence\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0435\\u043c\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">Produce acceptable evidence<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of speaking and listening skills in English\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u044b\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0447\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0430\\u0443\\u0434\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0435\\\">of speaking and listening skills in English<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u0435 B1 \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0435\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u043f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">at B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This is equivalent to ESOL Entry Level 3.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u043a\\u0432\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e \\u0443\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u044e ESOL Entry Level 3.\\\">This is equivalent to ESOL Entry Level 3.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The requirements for citizenship applications\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">The requirements for citizenship applications<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"may also change in the future.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u043c.\\\">may also change in the future.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Further details will be published\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043e\\u043f\\u0443\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\\">Further details will be published<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on the UK Border Agency website\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0431-\\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 \\u041f\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0430\\u0433\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">on the UK Border Agency website<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and you should check the information\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e\\\">and you should check the information<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on that website\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0432\\u0435\\u0431-\\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435\\\">on that website<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for current requirements\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043c\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0443\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439\\\">for current requirements<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"before applying for settlement or citizenship.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e.\\\">before applying for settlement or citizenship.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"5\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 1\\n<\\\/p>\\n\\n\\n<!-- Page 6 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The values and principles of the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0426\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u044b \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The values and principles of the UK<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"British society is founded on fundamental values and principles\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0444\\u0443\\u043d\\u0434\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">British society is founded on fundamental values and principles<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which all those living in the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0443\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">which all those living in the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"should respect and support.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c.\\\">should respect and support.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"These values are reflected in the responsibilities,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0432 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445,\\\">These values are reflected in the responsibilities,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"rights and privileges\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u0435\\u0433\\u0438\\u044f\\u0445\\\">rights and privileges<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of being a British citizen\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u0442\\u044c \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\\">of being a British citizen<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or permanent resident of the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">or permanent resident of the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"They are based on history and traditions\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f\\u0445\\\">They are based on history and traditions<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and are protected by law,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">and are protected by law,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"customs and expectations.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438.\\\">customs and expectations.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There is no place in British society\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\\">There is no place in British society<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for extremism or intolerance.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u044d\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u043f\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438.\\\">for extremism or intolerance.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The fundamental principles of British life include:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0424\\u0443\\u043d\\u0434\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u044b \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442:\\\">The fundamental principles of British life include:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Democracy\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u043a\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u044e\\\">Democracy<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The rule of law\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u0440\\u0445\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\\">The rule of law<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Individual liberty\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0432\\u0438\\u0434\\u0443\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">Individual liberty<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u0440\\u043f\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u043a \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u044f\\u043c \\u0441 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438\\\">Tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Participation in community life.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430.\\\">Participation in community life.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"As part of the citizenship ceremony,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u0440\\u0430\\u043c\\u043a\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0446\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">As part of the citizenship ceremony,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"new citizens pledge to uphold these values.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u044d\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438.\\\">new citizens pledge to uphold these values.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The pledge is:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u043b\\u044f\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442:\\\">The pledge is:<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"\\u2018I will give my loyalty to the United Kingdom\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u042f \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d \\u0421\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\\">\\u2018I will give my loyalty to the United Kingdom<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and respect its rights and freedoms.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b.\\\">and respect its rights and freedoms.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"I will uphold its democratic values.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042f \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0434\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u043a\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438.\\\">I will uphold its democratic values.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"I will observe its laws faithfully\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042f \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u044b\\\">I will observe its laws faithfully<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and fulfil my duties and obligations\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\\">and fulfil my duties and obligations<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"as a British citizen.\\u2019\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043d\\u00bb.\\\">as a British citizen.\\u2019<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Following from the fundamental principles\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u0441\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u044f \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0444\\u0443\\u043d\\u0434\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">Following from the fundamental principles<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"are responsibilities and freedoms\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b,\\\">are responsibilities and freedoms<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which are shared by all those living in the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0443\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">which are shared by all those living in the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and which we expect all residents to respect.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435, \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u043c\\u044b \\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u0434\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c, \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438.\\\">and which we expect all residents to respect.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"If you wish to be a permanent resident\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\\">If you wish to be a permanent resident<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or citizen of the UK,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">or citizen of the UK,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you should:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u044b \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b:\\\">you should:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"respect and obey the law\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\\">respect and obey the law<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"respect the rights of others,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445,\\\">respect the rights of others,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including their right to their own opinions\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043c\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\\">including their right to their own opinions<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"treat others with fairness\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u043a \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u043c \\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u043b\\u0438\\u0432\\u043e\\\">treat others with fairness<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"look after yourself and your family\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u043e \\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\\">look after yourself and your family<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"look after the area in which you live\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0439\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435, \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0432\\u044b \\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435,\\\">look after the area in which you live<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the environment.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431 \\u043e\\u043a\\u0440\\u0443\\u0436\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435.\\\">and the environment.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In return,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0437\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\\">In return,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the UK offers:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442:\\\">the UK offers:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"freedom of belief and religion\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0433\\u0438\\u0438\\\">freedom of belief and religion<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"freedom of speech\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\\">freedom of speech<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"freedom from unfair discrimination\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u043b\\u0438\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0434\\u0438\\u0441\\u043a\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438\\\">freedom from unfair discrimination<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a right to a fair trial\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u043b\\u0438\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0431\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">a right to a fair trial<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a right to join in the election of a government.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e \\u0443\\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430.\\\">a right to join in the election of a government.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"6\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 1\\n<\\\/p>\\n\\n<!-- Page 7 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Taking the Life in the UK test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">Taking the Life in the UK test<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This handbook will help prepare you\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0433\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f\\\">This handbook will help prepare you<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for taking the Life in the UK test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb.\\\">for taking the Life in the UK test.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The test consists of 24 questions\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0438\\u0442 \\u0438\\u0437 24 \\u0432\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\\">The test consists of 24 questions<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about important aspects of life in the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0430\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">about important aspects of life in the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Questions are based on ALL parts of the handbook.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u044b \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0421\\u0415\\u0425 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445 \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430.\\\">Questions are based on ALL parts of the handbook.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The 24 questions will be different\\\" data-translation=\\\"24 \\u0432\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0430 \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438\\\">The 24 questions will be different<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for each person taking the test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0447\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430, \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\\">for each person taking the test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at that test session.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">at that test session.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Life in the UK test is usually taken in English,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb \\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0435,\\\">The Life in the UK test is usually taken in English,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"although special arrangements can be made\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u044f \\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0431\\u044b\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438,\\\">although special arrangements can be made<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"if you wish to take it in Welsh\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0435\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\\">if you wish to take it in Welsh<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or Scottish Gaelic.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0448\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u0433\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0435.\\\">or Scottish Gaelic.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You can only take the test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u044b \\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e\\\">You can only take the test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at a registered and approved Life in the UK test centre.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u0443\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb.\\\">at a registered and approved Life in the UK test centre.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There are about 60 test centres\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043e\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e 60 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">There are about 60 test centres<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"around the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">around the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You can only book your test online,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0417\\u0430\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u043e\\u043d\\u043b\\u0430\\u0439\\u043d,\\\">You can only book your test online,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.\\\">at www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You should not take your test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\\">You should not take your test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at any other establishment\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c-\\u043b\\u0438\\u0431\\u043e \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u043e\\u043c \\u0443\\u0447\\u0440\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">at any other establishment<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"as the UK Border Agency will only accept certificates\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u0443 \\u041f\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0430\\u0433\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0444\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u0442\\u044b\\\">as the UK Border Agency will only accept certificates<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from registered test centres.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">from registered test centres.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"If you live on the Isle of Man\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435 \\u041c\\u044d\\u043d\\\">If you live on the Isle of Man<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or in the Channel Islands,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u041d\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">or in the Channel Islands,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"there are different arrangements\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438\\u044f\\\">there are different arrangements<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for taking the Life in the UK test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb.\\\">for taking the Life in the UK test.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"When booking your test,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u0431\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\\">When booking your test,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"read the instructions carefully.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">read the instructions carefully.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Make sure you enter your details correctly.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0438 \\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435.\\\">Make sure you enter your details correctly.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You will need to take some identification\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0437\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0443\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\\">You will need to take some identification<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and proof of your address\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0430\\u0434\\u0440\\u0435\\u0441\\u0430\\\">and proof of your address<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"with you to the test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442.\\\">with you to the test.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"If you don\\u2019t take these,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0438\\u0445 \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u044c\\u043c\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435,\\\">If you don\\u2019t take these,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you will not be able to take the test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u044b \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442.\\\">you will not be able to take the test.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"How to use this handbook\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u0430\\u043a \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u044d\\u0442\\u0438\\u043c \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c\\\">How to use this handbook<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Everything that you will need to know\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0441\\u0435, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c,\\\">Everything that you will need to know<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to pass the Life in the UK test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb,\\\">to pass the Life in the UK test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is included in this handbook.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435.\\\">is included in this handbook.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The questions will be based on the whole book,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u044b \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0442 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0435,\\\">The questions will be based on the whole book,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including this introduction,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435,\\\">including this introduction,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"so make sure you study the entire book thoroughly.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u0442\\u0449\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u0438\\u0437\\u0443\\u0447\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0441\\u044e \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0443.\\\">so make sure you study the entire book thoroughly.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The handbook has been written\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a,\\\">The handbook has been written<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to ensure that anyone\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u043b\\u044e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0439,\\\">to ensure that anyone<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"who can read English at ESOL Entry Level 3 or above\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e \\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u043e-\\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u0435 ESOL Entry Level 3 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0448\\u0435,\\\">who can read English at ESOL Entry Level 3 or above<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"should have no difficulty with the language.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u044b\\u0442\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u0434\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0441 \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">should have no difficulty with the language.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The glossary at the back of the handbook\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0413\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u0440\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">The glossary at the back of the handbook<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"contains some key words and phrases,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0442 \\u043d\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0435\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0444\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u044b,\\\">contains some key words and phrases,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which you might find helpful.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0443\\u0442 \\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438.\\\">which you might find helpful.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The 'Check that you understand' boxes\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u043b\\u043e\\u043a\\u0438 \\u00ab\\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u00bb\\\">The 'Check that you understand' boxes<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"are for guidance.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0430\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043e\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">are for guidance.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"They will help you to identify particular things\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0449\\u0438,\\\">They will help you to identify particular things<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that you should understand.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c.\\\">that you should understand.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Just knowing the things highlighted in these boxes\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432 \\u044d\\u0442\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0431\\u043b\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">Just knowing the things highlighted in these boxes<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"will not be enough to pass the test.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430.\\\">will not be enough to pass the test.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You need to make sure\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f,\\\">You need to make sure<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that you understand everything in the book,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0435,\\\">that you understand everything in the book,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"so please read the information carefully.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443, \\u043f\\u043e\\u0436\\u0430\\u043b\\u0443\\u0439\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430, \\u0432\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e.\\\">so please read the information carefully.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Where to find more information\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0413\\u0434\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e\\\">Where to find more information<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You can find out more information\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u044b \\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e\\\">You can find out more information<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from the following places:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0443\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0445:\\\">from the following places:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The UK Border Agency website (www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u0431-\\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442 \\u041f\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0430\\u0433\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 (www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk)\\\">The UK Border Agency website (www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for more information about the application process\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0434\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0446\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">for more information about the application process<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the forms you will need to complete\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0445, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\\">and the forms you will need to complete<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Life in the UK test website (www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u0431-\\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0416\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\u00bb (www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk)\\\">The Life in the UK test website (www.lifeintheuktest.gov.uk)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for more information about the test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0434\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\\">for more information about the test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and how to book a place to take one\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043e \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c, \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0437\\u0430\\u0431\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\\">and how to book a place to take one<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Gov.uk (www.gov.uk)\\\" data-translation=\\\"Gov.uk (www.gov.uk)\\\">Gov.uk (www.gov.uk)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for information about ESOL courses\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043e \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441\\u0430\\u0445 ESOL\\\">for information about ESOL courses<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and how to find one in your area.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043e \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c, \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438\\u0445 \\u0432 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435\\u043c \\u0440\\u0430\\u0439\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435.\\\">and how to find one in your area.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Check that you understand:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435:\\\">Check that you understand:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The origin of the values\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u0445\\u043e\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439,\\\">The origin of the values<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"underlying British society\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043b\\u0435\\u0436\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0432 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">underlying British society<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The fundamental principles of British life\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0424\\u0443\\u043d\\u0434\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u043f\\u044b \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438\\\">The fundamental principles of British life<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The responsibilities and freedoms\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b,\\\">The responsibilities and freedoms<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which come with permanent residence\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u043f\\u0443\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e\\\">which come with permanent residence<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The process of becoming a permanent resident\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0446\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\\">The process of becoming a permanent resident<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or citizen.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430.\\\">or citizen.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"7\"}]}]}],\"name\":\"Chapter 1\"},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 2\\n<\\\/p>\\n\\n<!-- Page 8 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"What is the UK?\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0427\\u0442\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f?\\\">What is the UK?<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this chapter you will learn about the countries\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0443\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">In this chapter you will learn about the countries<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that make up the Union\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0421\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437,\\\">that make up the Union<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"as well as the various phrases\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0444\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">as well as the various phrases<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"used to describe them.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u0443\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0438\\u0445 \\u043e\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">used to describe them.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Although this chapter is very short\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0425\\u043e\\u0442\\u044f \\u044d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c \\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0442\\u043a\\u0430\\u044f,\\\">Although this chapter is very short<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"you should make sure\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u044b \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f,\\\">you should make sure<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that you read and understand all facts presented.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u044f\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0444\\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u044b.\\\">that you read and understand all facts presented.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"For instance\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440,\\\">For instance<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"it is very likely\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u044f\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e,\\\">it is very likely<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"there will be questions\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0432\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u044b\\\">there will be questions<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about the differences between Great Britain,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0438\\u044f\\u0445 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439,\\\">about the differences between Great Britain,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the British Isles and Britain,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439,\\\">the British Isles and Britain,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"or what the Crown Dependencies are.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438.\\\">or what the Crown Dependencies are.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this chapter there is information about:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u043e:\\\">In this chapter there is information about:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The different countries\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0430\\u0437\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">The different countries<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that make up the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e\\\">that make up the UK<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"8\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\\\">Chapter 2<\\\/p>\\n<!-- Page 9 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"What is the UK?\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0427\\u0442\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f?\\\">What is the UK?<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/111.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"600\\\" height=\\\"675\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7130 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id4-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The countries that make up the UK:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b, \\u0432\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u044f\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438:\\\">The countries that make up the UK:<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"England, Scotland, Wales\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0410\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u044f, \\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044f, \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\\">England, Scotland, Wales<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and Northern Ireland\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044f\\\">and Northern Ireland<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0438\\u0442 \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0410\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0438, \\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438, \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0430\\\">The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and Northern Ireland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and Northern Ireland.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The rest of Ireland is an independent country.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438 \\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439.\\\">The rest of Ireland is an independent country.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The official name of the country\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0444\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b\\\">The official name of the country<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u2014 \\u0421\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"\\u2018Great Britain\\u2019 refers only to England,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u00bb \\u043e\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u043a \\u0410\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">\\u2018Great Britain\\u2019 refers only to England,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Scotland and Wales,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0443,\\\">Scotland and Wales,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"not to Northern Ireland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435 \\u043a \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">not to Northern Ireland.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The words \\u2018Britain\\u2019,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430 \\u00ab\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u00bb,\\\">The words \\u2018Britain\\u2019,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Isles\\u2019 or \\u2018British\\u2019, however,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u041e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u00bb \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u00ab\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439\\u00bb, \\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e,\\\">Isles\\u2019 or \\u2018British\\u2019, however,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"are used in this book\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0435\\\">are used in this book<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to refer to everyone in the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0445 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">to refer to everyone in the UK.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There are also several islands\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">There are also several islands<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which are closely linked with the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e \\u0441\\u0432\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u0441 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439,\\\">which are closely linked with the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but are not part of it:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435 \\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0435\\u0435 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e:\\\">but are not part of it:<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the Channel Islands\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\\">the Channel Islands<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the Isle of Man.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u041c\\u044d\\u043d.\\\">and the Isle of Man.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"These have their own governments\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423 \\u043d\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430,\\\">These have their own governments<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and are called \\u2018Crown dependencies\\u2019.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u00ab\\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438\\u00bb.\\\">and are called \\u2018Crown dependencies\\u2019.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There are also several British overseas territories\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0439\\\">There are also several British overseas territories<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in other parts of the world,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445 \\u0441\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430,\\\">in other parts of the world,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"such as St Helena\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0421\\u0432\\u044f\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0415\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b\\\">such as St Helena<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the Falkland Islands.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0424\\u043e\\u043b\\u043a\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430.\\\">and the Falkland Islands.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"They are also linked to the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0432\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u0441 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439,\\\">They are also linked to the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but are not a part of it.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435 \\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0435\\u0435 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e.\\\">but are not a part of it.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The UK is governed by the parliament\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0443\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">The UK is governed by the parliament<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"sitting in Westminster.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u043c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435.\\\">sitting in Westminster.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044f, \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441 \\u0438 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044f\\\">Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"also have parliaments or assemblies of their own,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u044b \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u0438,\\\">also have parliaments or assemblies of their own,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"with devolved powers in defined areas.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044f\\u0445.\\\">with devolved powers in defined areas.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"9\"}]}]}],\"name\":\"Chapter 2\"},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 2\\n<\\\/p>\\n\\n<!-- Page 10 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"A long and illustrious history\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u043e\\u043b\\u0433\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u044f\\\">A long and illustrious history<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this chapter you will learn about British history\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0432\\u044b \\u0443\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">In this chapter you will learn about British history<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"starting from the Stone Age.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0441 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430.\\\">starting from the Stone Age.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The beginning focuses on arriving populations\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0432\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u043f\\u0443\\u043b\\u044f\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c,\\\">The beginning focuses on arriving populations<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which affected the language and religions of Britain.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0438\\u044f\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a \\u0438 \\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0433\\u0438\\u044e \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">which affected the language and religions of Britain.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"After that the focus is on the development\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0432\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0438\\u044e\\\">After that the focus is on the development<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the Monarchy,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u0445\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">of the Monarchy,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"church and Parliament.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0446\\u0435\\u0440\\u043a\\u0432\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430.\\\">church and Parliament.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Major battles and significant periods are covered,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0441\\u0432\\u0435\\u0449\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043a\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u043c\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b,\\\">Major battles and significant periods are covered,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including the civil war,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0443\\u044e \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u0443,\\\">including the civil war,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the industrial revolution and the Empire.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b\\u0448\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044e\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e \\u0438 \\u0418\\u043c\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u044e.\\\">the industrial revolution and the Empire.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There is a lot of information\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438\\\">There is a lot of information<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about WWI and WWII\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438 \\u0412\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u0430\\u0445,\\\">about WWI and WWII<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and after WWII the chapter focuses\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0412\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0444\\u043e\\u043a\\u0443\\u0441\\u0438\\u0440\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f\\\">and after WWII the chapter focuses<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on the governments of the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">on the governments of the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and devolution in Northern Ireland,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">and devolution in Northern Ireland,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Wales and Scotland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">Wales and Scotland.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Make sure that you understand the relationship\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0437\\u0430\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0432\\u044f\\u0437\\u044c\\\">Make sure that you understand the relationship<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"between the monarchy and Parliament,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0443 \\u043c\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u0445\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">between the monarchy and Parliament,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Protestants and Catholics\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043a\\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438,\\\">Protestants and Catholics<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and Britain and the colonies of the Empire.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0418\\u043c\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and Britain and the colonies of the Empire.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Think about how the right to vote developed.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\u043c\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043e \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c, \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e \\u0433\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u0430.\\\">Think about how the right to vote developed.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You should also make sure you know\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u044b \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\\">You should also make sure you know<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about each of the people described.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u043a\\u0430\\u0436\\u0434\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043e\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0439.\\\">about each of the people described.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You will need to know\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0430\\u043c \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0431\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\\\">You will need to know<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about the Acts of Parliament\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0431 \\u0410\\u043a\\u0442\\u0430\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\\">about the Acts of Parliament<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and other major events.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043a\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f\\u0445.\\\">and other major events.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"You should make sure\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u044b \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f,\\\">You should make sure<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that you know all of the dates\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044b,\\\">that you know all of the dates<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"given in this chapter.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435.\\\">given in this chapter.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this chapter there is information about:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u043e:\\\">In this chapter there is information about:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The history of early Britain\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The history of early Britain<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The medieval period\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\\">The medieval period<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Tudor and Stuart monarchs of the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u0445\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0422\\u044e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0438 \\u0421\\u0442\\u044e\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The Tudor and Stuart monarchs of the UK<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The establishment of Parliament\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0447\\u0440\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\\">The establishment of Parliament<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The unification of the United Kingdom\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0431\\u044a\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0421\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">The unification of the United Kingdom<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0432\\u0435\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b\\u0448\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Victorian Age and the British Empire\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0438\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u044d\\u043f\\u043e\\u0445\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043c\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The Victorian Age and the British Empire<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The First World War\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\\">The First World War<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Great Depression\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0434\\u0435\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The Great Depression<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Second World War\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\\">The Second World War<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain since 1945 and the welfare state\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0441 1945 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">Britain since 1945 and the welfare state<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Great British inventions and sporting figures\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0434\\u0435\\u044f\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u0445\\\">Great British inventions and sporting figures<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Government since the Second World War\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d \\u0412\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b\\\">Government since the Second World War<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"10\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\\\">Chapter 2<\\\/p>\\n<!-- Page 11 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain since 1945\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0441 1945 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\\">Britain since 1945<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The welfare state\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0413\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">The welfare state<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Although the UK had won the war,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0425\\u043e\\u0442\\u044f \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432\\u044b\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u0443,\\\">Although the UK had won the war,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the country was exhausted economically\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430,\\\">the country was exhausted economically<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the people wanted change.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d.\\\">and the people wanted change.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"During the war,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b\\\">During the war,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"there had been significant reforms\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u044b\\\">there had been significant reforms<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to the education system\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">to the education system<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and people now looked for wider social reforms.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u044c \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438\\u0441\\u044c \\u043a \\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0435 \\u0448\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u0441\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0440\\u0435\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u043c.\\\">and people now looked for wider social reforms.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1945 the British people elected a Labour government.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1945 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b \\u043b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e.\\\">In 1945 the British people elected a Labour government.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The new Prime Minister was Clement Atlee,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u041a\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438,\\\">The new Prime Minister was Clement Atlee,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"who promised to introduce the welfare state\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u0449\\u0430\\u043b \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">who promised to introduce the welfare state<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"outlined in the Beveridge Report.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437\\u043b\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u041e\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436\\u0430.\\\">outlined in the Beveridge Report.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1948,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1948 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">In 1948,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Aneurin (Nye) Bevan,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0410\\u043d\\u0435\\u0439\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d (\\u041d\\u0430\\u0439) \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d,\\\">Aneurin (Nye) Bevan,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the Minister for Health,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440 \\u0437\\u0434\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e\\u043e\\u0445\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">the Minister for Health,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"led the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b \\u0441\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u041d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0436\\u0431\\u044b \\u0437\\u0434\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e\\u043e\\u0445\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f (NHS),\\\">led the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which guaranteed a minimum standard of health care for all,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u044f \\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442 \\u0437\\u0434\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e\\u043e\\u0445\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0445,\\\">which guaranteed a minimum standard of health care for all,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"free at the point of use.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0435\\u0441\\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u043c\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">free at the point of use.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"A national system of benefits\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0441\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0438\\u0439\\\">A national system of benefits<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was also introduced to provide \\u2018social security\\u2019,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u00ab\\u0441\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0442\\u044b\\u00bb,\\\">was also introduced to provide \\u2018social security\\u2019,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"so that the population would be protected\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u0449\\u0438\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\\">so that the population would be protected<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from the \\u2018cradle to the grave\\u2019.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u043e\\u0442 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044b\\u0431\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043e \\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u043b\\u044b\\u00bb.\\\">from the \\u2018cradle to the grave\\u2019.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The government took into public ownership (nationalised)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u0432 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c (\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e)\\\">The government took into public ownership (nationalised)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the railways,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0436\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438,\\\">the railways,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"coal mines and gas,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0443\\u0433\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0448\\u0430\\u0445\\u0442\\u044b \\u0438 \\u0433\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435,\\\">coal mines and gas,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"water and electricity supplies.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438.\\\">water and electricity supplies.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Another aspect of change\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u043c \\u0430\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439\\\">Another aspect of change<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was self-government for former colonies.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u0443\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0431\\u044b\\u0432\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439.\\\">was self-government for former colonies.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1947,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1947 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">In 1947,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"independence was granted to nine countries,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0432\\u044f\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u043c,\\\">independence was granted to nine countries,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including India,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044e,\\\">including India,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d \\u0438 \\u0426\\u0435\\u0439\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d (\\u043d\\u044b\\u043d\\u0435 \\u0428\\u0440\\u0438-\\u041b\\u0430\\u043d\\u043a\\u0430).\\\">Pakistan and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Other colonies in Africa,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0410\\u0444\\u0440\\u0438\\u043a\\u0435,\\\">Other colonies in Africa,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the Caribbean and the Pacific\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u0430\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u0431\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0422\\u0438\\u0445\\u043e\\u043c \\u043e\\u043a\\u0435\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\\">the Caribbean and the Pacific<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"achieved independence over the next 20 years.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0443\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 20 \\u043b\\u0435\\u0442.\\\">achieved independence over the next 20 years.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The UK developed its own atomic bomb\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0431\\u043e\\u043c\\u0431\\u0443\\\">The UK developed its own atomic bomb<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and joined the new North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u043a \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u041e\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0437\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u0430\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430 (\\u041d\\u0410\\u0422\\u041e),\\\">and joined the new North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"an alliance of nations set up\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u044f\\u043d\\u0441\\u0443 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0439, \\u0441\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443\\\">an alliance of nations set up<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to resist the perceived threat of invasion\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0443\\u0433\\u0440\\u043e\\u0437\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">to resist the perceived threat of invasion<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"by the Soviet Union and its allies.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u044b \\u0421\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0421\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432.\\\">by the Soviet Union and its allies.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain had a Conservative government\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">Britain had a Conservative government<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from 1951 to 1964.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 1951 \\u043f\\u043e 1964 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434.\\\">from 1951 to 1964.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The 1950s were a period of economic recovery\\\" data-translation=\\\"1950-\\u0435 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043c \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u043e\\u0441\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">The 1950s were a period of economic recovery<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"after the war\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b\\\">after the war<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and increasing prosperity for working people.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u0434\\u044f\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445\\u0441\\u044f.\\\">and increasing prosperity for working people.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Prime Minister of the day,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438,\\\">The Prime Minister of the day,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Harold Macmillan,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0413\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0434 \\u041c\\u0430\\u043a\\u043c\\u0438\\u043b\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d,\\\">Harold Macmillan,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was famous for his \\u2018wind of change\\u2019 speech\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0447\\u044c\\u044e \\u043e \\u00ab\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u00bb\\\">was famous for his \\u2018wind of change\\u2019 speech<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"about decolonisation and independence\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e \\u0434\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0437\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\\">about decolonisation and independence<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for the countries of the Empire.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d \\u0418\\u043c\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">for the countries of the Empire.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Clement Attlee (1883\\u20131967)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438 (1883\\u20131967)\\\">Clement Attlee (1883\\u20131967)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/clement.png\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"880\\\" height=\\\"1156\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7140 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id4-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Clement Attlee\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438\\\">Clement Attlee<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Clement Attlee was born in London in 1883.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043b\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u041b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435 \\u0432 1883 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">Clement Attlee was born in London in 1883.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"His father was a solicitor\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0433\\u043e \\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u0446 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0441\\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">His father was a solicitor<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and, after studying at Oxford University,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438, \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u0431\\u044b \\u0432 \\u041e\\u043a\\u0441\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u0443\\u043d\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435,\\\">and, after studying at Oxford University,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Attlee became a barrister.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u0431\\u0430\\u0440\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">Attlee became a barrister.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He gave this up to do social work\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0441\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439\\\">He gave this up to do social work<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in East London\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0412\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u041b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435,\\\">in East London<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and eventually became a Labour MP.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u0447\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u041b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and eventually became a Labour MP.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He was Winston Churchill\\u2019s Deputy Prime Minister\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0437\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0423\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0427\\u0435\\u0440\\u0447\\u0438\\u043b\\u043b\\u044f\\\">He was Winston Churchill\\u2019s Deputy Prime Minister<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the wartime coalition government\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\\">in the wartime coalition government<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and became Prime Minister\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\\">and became Prime Minister<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"after the Labour Party won the 1945 election.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u044b \\u041b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u0445 1945 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430.\\\">after the Labour Party won the 1945 election.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0441 1945 \\u043f\\u043e 1951 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\\">He was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and led the Labour Party for 20 years.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u043b \\u041b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u0443\\u044e \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u044e \\u0432 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 20 \\u043b\\u0435\\u0442.\\\">and led the Labour Party for 20 years.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Attlee\\u2019s government undertook the nationalisation\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e\\\">Attlee\\u2019s government undertook the nationalisation<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of major industries (like coal and steel),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b\\u0448\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 (\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0443\\u0433\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f),\\\">of major industries (like coal and steel),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"created the National Health Service\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u041d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0436\\u0431\\u0443 \\u0437\\u0434\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e\\u043e\\u0445\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">created the National Health Service<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and implemented many of Beveridge\\u2019s plans\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436\\u0430\\\">and implemented many of Beveridge\\u2019s plans<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for a stronger welfare state.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">for a stronger welfare state.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Attlee also introduced measures\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b \\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b\\\">Attlee also introduced measures<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to improve the conditions of workers.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e \\u0443\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0448\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u0443\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0445.\\\">to improve the conditions of workers.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"William Beveridge (1879\\u20131963)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u044f\\u043c \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436 (1879\\u20131963)\\\">William Beveridge (1879\\u20131963)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/w-beveridge.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"540\\\" height=\\\"558\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7208 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"William Beveridge (later Lord Beveridge)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u044f\\u043c \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436 (\\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0436\\u0435 \\u041b\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434 \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436)\\\">William Beveridge (later Lord Beveridge)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was a British economist and social reformer.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0440\\u0435\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">was a British economist and social reformer.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He served briefly as a Liberal MP\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u043d\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0433\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0447\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u041b\\u0438\\u0431\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0438\\\">He served briefly as a Liberal MP<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and was subsequently the leader of the Liberals\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043b\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u043b\\u0438\\u0431\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\\">and was subsequently the leader of the Liberals<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the House of Lords\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u041f\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043b\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">in the House of Lords<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but is best known for the 1942 report\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0438\\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u044f \\u043e\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0442\\u0443 1942 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\\">but is best known for the 1942 report<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Social Insurance and Allied Services\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u0421\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0445\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">Social Insurance and Allied Services<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"(known as the Beveridge Report).\\\" data-translation=\\\"(\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u041e\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0411\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436\\u0430).\\\">(known as the Beveridge Report).<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The report was commissioned\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\\">The report was commissioned<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"by the wartime government in 1941.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c \\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0432 1941 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">by the wartime government in 1941.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It recommended that the government\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u043d\\u0435\\u043c \\u0440\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">It recommended that the government<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"should find ways of fighting\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0448\\u043b\\u043e \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u044c\\u0431\\u044b\\\">should find ways of fighting<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the five \\u2018Giant Evils\\u2019 of Want,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u043f\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e \\u00ab\\u0413\\u0438\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0417\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438\\u00bb: \\u041d\\u0443\\u0436\\u0434\\u043e\\u0439,\\\">the five \\u2018Giant Evils\\u2019 of Want,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Disease,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u044c\\u044e,\\\">Disease,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Ignorance,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0436\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">Ignorance,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Squalor and Idleness\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u0431\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u041f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0434\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e\\\">Squalor and Idleness<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and provided the basis\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u043b \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0443\\\">and provided the basis<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the modern welfare state.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\\">of the modern welfare state.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"11\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\\\">Chapter 2<\\\/p>\\n<!-- Page 12 -->\\n<\/p>\n<p><\\\/p>\\n<!-- Page 12 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"R A Butler (1902\\u201382)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420 \\u0410 \\u0411\\u0430\\u0442\\u043b\\u0435\\u0440 (1902\\u201382)\\\">R A Butler (1902\\u201382)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/Rab_Butler_.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"754\\\" height=\\\"996\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7220 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Richard Austen Butler (later Lord Butler)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0438\\u0447\\u0430\\u0440\\u0434 \\u041e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043d \\u0411\\u0430\\u0442\\u043b\\u0435\\u0440 (\\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0436\\u0435 \\u041b\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434 \\u0411\\u0430\\u0442\\u043b\\u0435\\u0440)\\\">Richard Austen Butler (later Lord Butler)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was born in 1902.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043b\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 1902 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">was born in 1902.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He became a Conservative MP in 1923\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u0447\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 1923 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">He became a Conservative MP in 1923<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and held several positions\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043b \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439,\\\">and held several positions<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"before becoming responsible for education in 1941.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435 \\u0447\\u0435\\u043c \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043e\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0437\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 1941 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">before becoming responsible for education in 1941.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In this role,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\\">In this role,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"he oversaw the introduction\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u043d \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\\">he oversaw the introduction<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the Education Act 1944\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0417\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0431 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 1944 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\\">of the Education Act 1944<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"(often called \\u2018The Butler Act\\u2019),\\\" data-translation=\\\"(\\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u00ab\\u0417\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0411\\u0430\\u0442\\u043b\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u00bb),\\\">(often called \\u2018The Butler Act\\u2019),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which introduced free secondary education\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b \\u0431\\u0435\\u0441\\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0435\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\\">which introduced free secondary education<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in England and Wales.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0410\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0435.\\\">in England and Wales.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The education system has changed significantly\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c\\\">The education system has changed significantly<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"since the Act was introduced,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u043c\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0417\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430,\\\">since the Act was introduced,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but the division between primary and secondary schools\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0448\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044b,\\\">but the division between primary and secondary schools<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that it enforced still remains\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043e\\u043d \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u0440\\u0435\\u043f\\u0438\\u043b, \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0435\\u0449\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0445\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f\\\">that it enforced still remains<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in most areas of Britain.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0439\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">in most areas of Britain.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Dylan Thomas (1914\\u201353)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d \\u0422\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0441 (1914\\u201353)\\\">Dylan Thomas (1914\\u201353)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/dylan-thomas.webp\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"559\\\" height=\\\"600\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7212 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet and writer.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d \\u0422\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0441 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c.\\\">Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet and writer.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He often read and performed his work in public,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e \\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u0438 \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u044f\\u043b \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u0443\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e,\\\">He often read and performed his work in public,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including for the BBC.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0447\\u0438\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f BBC.\\\">including for the BBC.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"His most well-known works\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">His most well-known works<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"include the radio play Under Milk Wood,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u043e\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u043b\\u044c \\u00ab\\u041f\\u043e\\u0434 \\u0441\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c\\u044e \\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043b\\u0435\\u0441\\u0430\\u00bb,\\\">include the radio play Under Milk Wood,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"first performed after his death in 1954,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0432 1954 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443,\\\">first performed after his death in 1954,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the poem Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u00ab\\u041d\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432 \\u0441\\u0443\\u043c\\u0440\\u0430\\u043a \\u0432\\u0435\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0442\\u044c\\u043c\\u044b\\u00bb,\\\">and the poem Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which he wrote for his dying father in 1952.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043e\\u043d \\u043d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u043b \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0443\\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u043e\\u0442\\u0446\\u0430 \\u0432 1952 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">which he wrote for his dying father in 1952.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He died at the age of 39 in New York.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0443\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0432 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435 39 \\u043b\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432 \\u041d\\u044c\\u044e-\\u0419\\u043e\\u0440\\u043a\\u0435.\\\">He died at the age of 39 in New York.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There are several memorials to him\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0443\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\\">There are several memorials to him<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in his birthplace,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435,\\\">in his birthplace,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Swansea,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0421\\u0443\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0438,\\\">Swansea,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including a statue\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443\\u044e\\\">including a statue<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the Dylan Thomas Centre.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0426\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440 \\u0414\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0422\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0441\\u0430.\\\">and the Dylan Thomas Centre.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Migration in post-war Britain\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">Migration in post-war Britain<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Rebuilding Britain after the Second World War\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e\\u0441\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0412\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b\\\">Rebuilding Britain after the Second World War<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was a huge task.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u0439.\\\">was a huge task.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There were labour shortages\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0445\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u044b,\\\">There were labour shortages<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the British government encouraged workers\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u043e\\u0449\\u0440\\u044f\\u043b\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0445\\\">and the British government encouraged workers<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from Ireland and other parts of Europe\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0415\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u044b\\\">from Ireland and other parts of Europe<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to come to the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0435\\u0437\\u0436\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e\\\">to come to the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and help with the reconstruction.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0441\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and help with the reconstruction.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1948,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1948 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">In 1948,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"people from the West Indies\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0412\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442-\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438\\\">people from the West Indies<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"were also invited to come and work.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0435\\u0445\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c.\\\">were also invited to come and work.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"During the 1950s,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1950-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445\\\">During the 1950s,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"there was still a shortage of labour in the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0435\\u0449\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0449\\u0443\\u0449\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u043d\\u0435\\u0445\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u044b.\\\">there was still a shortage of labour in the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Further immigration was therefore encouraged\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0435\\u0439\\u0448\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438\\u043c\\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043e\\u0449\\u0440\\u044f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c\\\">Further immigration was therefore encouraged<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for economic reasons,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0447\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u043c,\\\">for economic reasons,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and many industries advertised for workers\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b\\u0448\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u0449\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044a\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u043a\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\\">and many industries advertised for workers<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from overseas.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437-\\u0437\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0443\\u0431\\u0435\\u0436\\u0430.\\\">from overseas.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"For example,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440,\\\">For example,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"centres were set up in the West Indies\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442-\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u044b\\\">centres were set up in the West Indies<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to recruit people to drive buses.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u043c\\u0430 \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0443 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u0443\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432.\\\">to recruit people to drive buses.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Textile and engineering firms\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u043c\\u0430\\u0448\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0444\\u0438\\u0440\\u043c\\u044b\\\">Textile and engineering firms<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from the north of England and the Midlands\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u0441\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0410\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u041c\\u0438\\u0434\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u0430\\\">from the north of England and the Midlands<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"sent agents to India and Pakistan\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0442\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0433\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0432 \\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044e \\u0438 \\u041f\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\\">sent agents to India and Pakistan<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to find workers.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0445.\\\">to find workers.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"For about 25 years,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e 25 \\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\\">For about 25 years,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"people from the West Indies,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0412\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442-\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">people from the West Indies,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"India,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">India,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Pakistan and (later) Bangladesh\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0438 (\\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0436\\u0435) \\u0411\\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u0435\\u0448\\\">Pakistan and (later) Bangladesh<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"travelled to work and settle in Britain.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0435\\u0437\\u0436\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">travelled to work and settle in Britain.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Social change in the 1960s\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432 1960-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445\\\">Social change in the 1960s<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The decade of the 1960s\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u044f\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438\\u0435 1960-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\\">The decade of the 1960s<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was a period of significant social change.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043c \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439.\\\">was a period of significant social change.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It was known as \\u2018the Swinging Sixties\\u2019.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u043e \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u00ab\\u0421\\u0432\\u0438\\u043d\\u0433\\u0443\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0448\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u0441\\u044f\\u0442\\u044b\\u0435\\u00bb.\\\">It was known as \\u2018the Swinging Sixties\\u2019.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"There was growth in British fashion,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0430\\u0431\\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u0441\\u044f \\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b,\\\">There was growth in British fashion,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"cinema and popular music.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043f\\u0443\\u043b\\u044f\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0443\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a\\u0438.\\\">cinema and popular music.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Two well-known pop music groups at the time\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043f-\\u0433\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043f\\u044b \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\\">Two well-known pop music groups at the time<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"were The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u2014 The Beatles \\u0438 The Rolling Stones.\\\">were The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"People started to become better off\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0448\\u0435,\\\">People started to become better off<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and many bought cars\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043a\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0431\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438\\\">and many bought cars<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and other consumer goods.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0440\\u044b.\\\">and other consumer goods.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It was also a time\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f,\\\">It was also a time<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"when social laws were liberalised,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043b\\u0438\\u0431\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b \\u0441\\u043e\\u0446\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u044b,\\\">when social laws were liberalised,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for example in relation to divorce\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440, \\u0432 \\u043e\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0448\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\\">for example in relation to divorce<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and to abortion in England,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0432 \\u0410\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">and to abortion in England,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Wales and Scotland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">Wales and Scotland.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The position of women in the workplace\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0447\\u0435\\u043c \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\\">The position of women in the workplace<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"also improved.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0443\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0448\\u0438\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u044c.\\\">also improved.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It was quite common at the time\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e,\\\">It was quite common at the time<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for employers to ask women\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d\\\">for employers to ask women<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to leave their jobs\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0443\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0441 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u044b\\\">to leave their jobs<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"when they got married,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043a,\\\">when they got married,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but Parliament passed new laws\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u044f\\u043b \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u044b,\\\">but Parliament passed new laws<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"giving women the right to equal pay\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u043e\\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0442\\u0443 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430,\\\">giving women the right to equal pay<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and made it illegal for employers\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0449\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u043c\\\">and made it illegal for employers<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to discriminate against women\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u0438\\u0441\\u043a\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d\\\">to discriminate against women<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"because of their gender.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043a\\u0443 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0430.\\\">because of their gender.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The 1960s was also a time\\\" data-translation=\\\"1960-\\u0435 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043c\\\">The 1960s was also a time<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of technological progress.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0435\\u0445\\u043d\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430.\\\">of technological progress.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain and France developed\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0424\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\\">Britain and France developed<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the world\\u2019s only supersonic commercial airliner,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0445\\u0437\\u0432\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440\\\">the world\\u2019s only supersonic commercial airliner,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Concorde.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u00bb.\\\">Concorde.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"New styles of architecture,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0440\\u0445\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0443\\u0440\\u044b,\\\">New styles of architecture,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"including high-rise buildings\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">including high-rise buildings<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the use of concrete and steel,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0431\\u0435\\u0442\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438,\\\">and the use of concrete and steel,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"became common.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u043c.\\\">became common.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The number of people migrating\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0427\\u0438\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e \\u043b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0439, \\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u0443\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445\\\">The number of people migrating<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from the West Indies,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437 \\u0412\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442-\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">from the West Indies,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"India,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">India,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Pakistan and what is now Bangladesh\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u043d\\u044b\\u043d\\u0435\\u0448\\u043d\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0411\\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u0435\\u0448,\\\">Pakistan and what is now Bangladesh<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"fell in the late 1960s\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435 1960-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">fell in the late 1960s<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"because the government passed new laws\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u044f\\u043b\\u043e \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u044b\\\">because the government passed new laws<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to restrict immigration to Britain.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438\\u043c\\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e.\\\">to restrict immigration to Britain.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Immigrants were required to have a strong connection\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u043c\\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u044b \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0447\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0441\\u0432\\u044f\\u0437\\u044c\\\">Immigrants were required to have a strong connection<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to Britain through birth or ancestry.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0440\\u043e\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u0445\\u043e\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e.\\\">to Britain through birth or ancestry.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Even so,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u0435,\\\">Even so,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"during the early 1970s,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0435 1970-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\\">during the early 1970s,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain admitted 28,000 people\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u044f\\u043b\\u0430 28 000 \\u0447\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\\">Britain admitted 28,000 people<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of Indian origin\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u0445\\u043e\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">of Indian origin<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"who had been forced to leave Uganda.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u044b\\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u043f\\u043e\\u043a\\u0438\\u043d\\u0443\\u0442\\u044c \\u0423\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">who had been forced to leave Uganda.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Some great British inventions of the 20th century\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f 20-\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430\\\">Some great British inventions of the 20th century<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain has given the world\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0443\\\">Britain has given the world<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"some wonderful inventions.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u0447\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0439.\\\">some wonderful inventions.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Examples from the 20th century include:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b \\u0438\\u0437 20-\\u0433\\u043e \\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442:\\\">Examples from the 20th century include:<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The television was developed by Scotsman\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e \\u0448\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0446\\u0435\\u043c\\\">The television was developed by Scotsman<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"John Logie Baird (1888\\u20131946)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0436\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u041b\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438 \\u0411\\u044d\\u0440\\u0434\\u043e\\u043c (1888\\u20131946)\\\">John Logie Baird (1888\\u20131946)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the 1920s.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 1920-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445.\\\">in the 1920s.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1932 he made the first television broadcast\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1932 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u043e\\u043d \\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e \\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0438\\u0437\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043b\\u044f\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e\\\">In 1932 he made the first television broadcast<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"between London and Glasgow.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0443 \\u041b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u0413\\u043b\\u0430\\u0437\\u0433\\u043e.\\\">between London and Glasgow.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Radar was developed by Scotsman\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d \\u0448\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0446\\u0435\\u043c\\\">Radar was developed by Scotsman<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Sir Robert Watson-Watt (1892\\u20131973),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u044d\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0420\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0423\\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u043e\\u043d-\\u0423\\u0430\\u0442\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c (1892\\u20131973),\\\">Sir Robert Watson-Watt (1892\\u20131973),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"who proposed that enemy aircraft\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u043b, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u044b\\\">who proposed that enemy aircraft<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"could be detected by radio waves.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0443\\u0442 \\u0431\\u044b\\u0442\\u044c \\u043e\\u0431\\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u0443\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0441 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0449\\u044c\\u044e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d.\\\">could be detected by radio waves.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The first successful radar test\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u0448\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u044b\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\\">The first successful radar test<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"took place in 1935.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u044c \\u0432 1935 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">took place in 1935.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Working with radar led Sir Bernard Lovell (1913\\u20132012)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0441 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0421\\u044d\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0411\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u0434\\u0430 \\u041b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043b\\u0430 (1913\\u20132012)\\\">Working with radar led Sir Bernard Lovell (1913\\u20132012)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to make new discoveries in astronomy.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u043c \\u043e\\u0442\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c \\u0432 \\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">to make new discoveries in astronomy.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The radio telescope he built\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043f, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043e\\u043d \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u043b\\\">The radio telescope he built<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0414\\u0436\\u043e\\u0434\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u043b-\\u0411\\u044d\\u043d\\u043a \\u0432 \\u0427\\u0435\\u0448\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435,\\\">at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was for many years the biggest in the world\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u044b\\u043c \\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0438\\u043c \\u0432 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435\\\">was for many years the biggest in the world<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and continues to operate today.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u044f.\\\">and continues to operate today.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"A Turing machine is a theoretical mathematical device\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0430\\u0448\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0422\\u044c\\u044e\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0433\\u0430 \\u2014 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u043e\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e,\\\">A Turing machine is a theoretical mathematical device<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"invented by Alan Turing (1912\\u201354),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0410\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0422\\u044c\\u044e\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0433\\u043e\\u043c (1912\\u201354),\\\">invented by Alan Turing (1912\\u201354),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a British mathematician,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">a British mathematician,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the 1930s.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 1930-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445.\\\">in the 1930s.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The theory was influential\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u044f \\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043b\\u0438\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\\\">The theory was influential<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the development of computer science\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0438\\\">in the development of computer science<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the modern-day computer.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u043f\\u044c\\u044e\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430.\\\">and the modern-day computer.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Scottish physician and researcher\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0430\\u0447 \\u0438 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\\">The Scottish physician and researcher<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"John MacLeod (1876\\u20131935)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0436\\u043e\\u043d \\u041c\\u0430\\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0443\\u0434 (1876\\u20131935)\\\">John MacLeod (1876\\u20131935)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was the co-discoverer of insulin,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u043e\\u0442\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0443\\u043b\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430,\\\">was the co-discoverer of insulin,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"used to treat diabetes.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u0443\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043b\\u0435\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0434\\u0438\\u0430\\u0431\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430.\\\">used to treat diabetes.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The structure of the DNA molecule\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u0443\\u0440\\u0430 \\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u043a\\u0443\\u043b\\u044b \\u0414\\u041d\\u041a\\\">The structure of the DNA molecule<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was discovered in 1953\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0432 1953 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">was discovered in 1953<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"through work at British universities\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0443\\u043d\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u0445\\\">through work at British universities<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in London and Cambridge.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u041b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u041a\\u0435\\u043c\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0434\\u0436\\u0435.\\\">in London and Cambridge.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This discovery contributed to many scientific advances,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u043e\\u0442\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0442\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u043c \\u043d\\u0430\\u0443\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c,\\\">This discovery contributed to many scientific advances,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"particularly in medicine and fighting crime.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u044c\\u0431\\u0435 \\u0441 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e.\\\">particularly in medicine and fighting crime.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Francis Crick (1916\\u20132004),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0424\\u0440\\u044d\\u043d\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441 \\u041a\\u0440\\u0438\\u043a (1916\\u20132004),\\\">Francis Crick (1916\\u20132004),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"one of those awarded the Nobel Prize\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0443\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u041d\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0438\\u0438\\\">one of those awarded the Nobel Prize<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for this discovery,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0437\\u0430 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u043e\\u0442\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0442\\u0438\\u0435,\\\">for this discovery,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was British.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435\\u043c.\\\">was British.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The jet engine was developed in Britain\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u0435\\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0434\\u0432\\u0438\\u0433\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d \\u0432 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">The jet engine was developed in Britain<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the 1930s by Sir Frank Whittle (1907\\u201396),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 1930-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445 \\u0421\\u044d\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0424\\u0440\\u044d\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u0423\\u0438\\u0442\\u0442\\u043b\\u043e\\u043c (1907\\u201396),\\\">in the 1930s by Sir Frank Whittle (1907\\u201396),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a British Royal Air Force engineer Officer.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u043d\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c-\\u043e\\u0444\\u0438\\u0446\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0412\\u0412\\u0421.\\\">a British Royal Air Force engineer Officer.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"12\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\\\">Chapter 2<\\\/p>\\n<!-- Page 13 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Sir Christopher Cockerell (1910\\u201399),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u044d\\u0440 \\u041a\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0444\\u0435\\u0440 \\u041a\\u043e\\u043a\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u043b (1910\\u201399),\\\">Sir Christopher Cockerell (1910\\u201399),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a British inventor,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c,\\\">a British inventor,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"invented the hovercraft in the 1950s.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b \\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0443\\u0448\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\u0448\\u043a\\u0435 \\u0432 1950-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445.\\\">invented the hovercraft in the 1950s.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain and France developed Concorde,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0424\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u00ab\\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u00bb,\\\">Britain and France developed Concorde,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the world\\u2019s only supersonic passenger aircraft.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0445\\u0437\\u0432\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u0436\\u0438\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442.\\\">the world\\u2019s only supersonic passenger aircraft.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It first flew in 1969\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0432\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0437\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b \\u0432 1969 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">It first flew in 1969<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and began carrying passengers in 1976.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u0436\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0432 1976 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">and began carrying passengers in 1976.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Concorde was retired from service in 2003.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u00bb \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0432\\u044b\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d \\u0438\\u0437 \\u044d\\u043a\\u0441\\u043f\\u043b\\u0443\\u0430\\u0442\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 2003 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">Concorde was retired from service in 2003.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Harrier jump jet,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442 Harrier \\u0441 \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0432\\u0437\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0430\\u0434\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439,\\\">The Harrier jump jet,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"an aircraft capable of taking off vertically,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442, \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432\\u0437\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e,\\\">an aircraft capable of taking off vertically,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was also designed and developed in the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d \\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d \\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">was also designed and developed in the UK.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In the 1960s,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1960-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445\\\">In the 1960s,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"James Goodfellow (1937\\u2013)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0436\\u0435\\u0439\\u043c\\u0441 \\u0413\\u0443\\u0434\\u0444\\u0435\\u043b\\u043b\\u043e\\u0443 (1937\\u2013)\\\">James Goodfellow (1937\\u2013)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"invented the cash-dispensing ATM\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b \\u0431\\u0430\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0432\\u044b\\u0434\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445\\\">invented the cash-dispensing ATM<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"(automatic teller machine) or \\u2018cashpoint\\u2019.\\\" data-translation=\\\"(\\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043a\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0430\\u043f\\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442) \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u00ab\\u043a\\u044d\\u0448\\u043f\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u0442\\u00bb.\\\">(automatic teller machine) or \\u2018cashpoint\\u2019.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The first of these was put into use\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043d\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d \\u0432 \\u044d\\u043a\\u0441\\u043f\\u043b\\u0443\\u0430\\u0442\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e\\\">The first of these was put into use<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"by Barclays Bank in Enfield,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0430\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c Barclays \\u0432 \\u042d\\u043d\\u0444\\u0438\\u043b\\u0434\\u0435,\\\">by Barclays Bank in Enfield,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"north London in 1967.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435 \\u041b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430, \\u0432 1967 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">north London in 1967.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) therapy\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u043f\\u0438\\u044f \\u042d\\u041a\\u041e (\\u044d\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043e\\u043f\\u043b\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435)\\\">IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) therapy<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for the treatment of infertility\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043b\\u0435\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0431\\u0435\\u0441\\u043f\\u043b\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u044f\\\">for the treatment of infertility<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was pioneered in Britain\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438\\\">was pioneered in Britain<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"by physiologist Sir Robert Edwards (1925\\u2013)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0444\\u0438\\u0437\\u0438\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\u043c \\u0421\\u044d\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0420\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u042d\\u0434\\u0432\\u0430\\u0440\\u0434\\u0441\\u043e\\u043c (1925\\u2013)\\\">by physiologist Sir Robert Edwards (1925\\u2013)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe (1913\\u201388).\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\u043c \\u041f\\u0430\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u0421\\u0442\\u0435\\u043f\\u0442\\u043e\\u0443 (1913\\u201388).\\\">and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe (1913\\u201388).<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The world\\u2019s first \\u2018test-tube baby\\u2019\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435 \\u00ab\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u043a \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u043a\\u0438\\u00bb\\\">The world\\u2019s first \\u2018test-tube baby\\u2019<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"was born in Oldham,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043b\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u041e\\u043b\\u0434\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435,\\\">was born in Oldham,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Lancashire in 1978.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041b\\u0430\\u043d\\u043a\\u0430\\u0448\\u0438\\u0440, \\u0432 1978 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">Lancashire in 1978.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1996,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1996 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">In 1996,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"two British scientists,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445,\\\">two British scientists,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Sir Ian Wilmot (1944\\u2013)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u044d\\u0440 \\u0418\\u044d\\u043d \\u0423\\u0438\\u043b\\u043c\\u043e\\u0442 (1944\\u2013)\\\">Sir Ian Wilmot (1944\\u2013)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and Keith Campbell (1954\\u20132012),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u041a\\u0438\\u0442 \\u041a\\u044d\\u043c\\u043f\\u0431\\u0435\\u043b\\u043b (1954\\u20132012),\\\">and Keith Campbell (1954\\u20132012),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"led a team which was the first\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0443, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u044f \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\\">led a team which was the first<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to succeed in cloning a mammal,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0443\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043c\\u043b\\u0435\\u043a\\u043e\\u043f\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e,\\\">to succeed in cloning a mammal,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Dolly the sheep.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0432\\u0446\\u044b \\u0414\\u043e\\u043b\\u043b\\u0438.\\\">Dolly the sheep.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This has led to further research\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u043a \\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0435\\u0439\\u0448\\u0438\\u043c \\u0438\\u0441\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\\">This has led to further research<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"into the possible use of cloning\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043a\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">into the possible use of cloning<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to preserve endangered species\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0441\\u043e\\u0445\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438\\u0441\\u0447\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0432\\u0438\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\\">to preserve endangered species<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and for medical purposes.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u0445.\\\">and for medical purposes.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Sir Peter Mansfield (1933\\u2013),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u044d\\u0440 \\u041f\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440 \\u041c\\u044d\\u043d\\u0441\\u0444\\u0438\\u043b\\u0434 (1933\\u2013),\\\">Sir Peter Mansfield (1933\\u2013),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a British scientist,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0443\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439,\\\">a British scientist,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is the co-inventor of the MRI\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0441\\u043e\\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u041c\\u0420\\u0422\\\">is the co-inventor of the MRI<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"(magnetic resonance imaging) scanner.\\\" data-translation=\\\"(\\u043c\\u0430\\u0433\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e-\\u0440\\u0435\\u0437\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0444\\u0438\\u0438) \\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430.\\\">(magnetic resonance imaging) scanner.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This enables doctors and researchers\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043c \\u0438 \\u0438\\u0441\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f\\u043c\\\">This enables doctors and researchers<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to obtain exact and non-invasive images\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0442\\u043e\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0438\\u043d\\u0432\\u0430\\u0437\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">to obtain exact and non-invasive images<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of human internal organs\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043d\\u0443\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043e\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0447\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430\\\">of human internal organs<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and has revolutionised diagnostic medicine.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044e\\u0446\\u0438\\u044e \\u0432 \\u0434\\u0438\\u0430\\u0433\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435.\\\">and has revolutionised diagnostic medicine.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id3-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The inventor of the World Wide Web,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c \\u0412\\u0441\\u0435\\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0443\\u0442\\u0438\\u043d\\u044b,\\\">The inventor of the World Wide Web,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Sir Tim Berners-Lee (1955\\u2013),\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u044d\\u0440 \\u0422\\u0438\\u043c \\u0411\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440\\u0441-\\u041b\\u0438 (1955\\u2013),\\\">Sir Tim Berners-Lee (1955\\u2013),<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"is British.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435\\u043c.\\\">is British.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Information was successfully transferred\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u043d\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0441\\u043f\\u0435\\u0448\\u043d\\u043e \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\\">Information was successfully transferred<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"via the web for the first time\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0437 \\u0418\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0435\\\">via the web for the first time<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on 25 December 1990.\\\" data-translation=\\\"25 \\u0434\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430\\u0431\\u0440\\u044f 1990 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430.\\\">on 25 December 1990.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Problems in the economy in the 1970s\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b \\u0432 \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u043a\\u0435 \\u0432 1970-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445\\\">Problems in the economy in the 1970s<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In the late 1970s,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435 1970-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432\\\">In the late 1970s,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the post-war economic boom came to an end.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0431\\u0443\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0448\\u0435\\u043b \\u043a \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0446\\u0443.\\\">the post-war economic boom came to an end.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Prices of goods and raw materials\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0426\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0440\\u044b \\u0438 \\u0441\\u044b\\u0440\\u044c\\u0435\\\">Prices of goods and raw materials<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"began to rise sharply\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0437\\u043a\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438,\\\">began to rise sharply<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and the exchange rate between the pound\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0431\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441 \\u0444\\u0443\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u043b\\u0438\\u043d\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\\">and the exchange rate between the pound<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and other currencies was unstable.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u043c \\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u044e\\u0442\\u0430\\u043c \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0431\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c.\\\">and other currencies was unstable.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"This caused problems\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u042d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b\\u0437\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b\\\">This caused problems<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"with the \\u2018balance of payments\\u2019:\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 \\u00ab\\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0431\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043e\\u043c\\u00bb:\\\">with the \\u2018balance of payments\\u2019:<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"imports of goods were valued at more\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438\\u043c\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u044b\\u0448\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\\">imports of goods were valued at more<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"than the price paid for exports.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0443, \\u0443\\u043f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0437\\u0430 \\u044d\\u043a\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u0442.\\\">than the price paid for exports.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Many industries and services\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\u044b\\u0448\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0444\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b \\u0443\\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0433\\\">Many industries and services<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"were affected by strikes\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0431\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u043a,\\\">were affected by strikes<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and this caused problems\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b\\u0437\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b\\\">and this caused problems<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"between the trade unions and the government.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0444\\u0441\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c.\\\">between the trade unions and the government.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"People began to argue\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041b\\u044e\\u0434\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0443\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c,\\\">People began to argue<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that the unions were too powerful\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0444\\u0441\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u044b \\u0441\\u043b\\u0438\\u0448\\u043a\\u043e\\u043c \\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\\">that the unions were too powerful<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and that their activities were harming the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0438\\u0445 \\u0434\\u0435\\u044f\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u043d\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and that their activities were harming the UK.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The 1970s were also a time\\\" data-translation=\\\"1970-\\u0435 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043c\\\">The 1970s were also a time<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of serious unrest in Northern Ireland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u044c\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0431\\u0435\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u044f\\u0434\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">of serious unrest in Northern Ireland.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1972,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1972 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">In 1972,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the Northern Ireland Parliament was suspended\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d,\\\">the Northern Ireland Parliament was suspended<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and Northern Ireland was directly ruled\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044f \\u0443\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u043d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u044f\\u043c\\u0443\\u044e\\\">and Northern Ireland was directly ruled<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"by the UK government.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u043c \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">by the UK government.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Some 3,000 people lost their lives\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e 3000 \\u0447\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043a \\u043f\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\\">Some 3,000 people lost their lives<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the decades after 1969\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0441\\u044f\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 1969 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\\">in the decades after 1969<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the violence in Northern Ireland.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0437\\u0443\\u043b\\u044c\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">in the violence in Northern Ireland.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Mary Peters (1939\\u2013)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u044d\\u0440\\u0438 \\u041f\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0441 (1939\\u2013)\\\">Mary Peters (1939\\u2013)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/MARY-P.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"740\\\" height=\\\"519\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7225 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Born in Manchester,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0432\\u0448\\u0430\\u044f\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u041c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435,\\\">Born in Manchester,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Mary Peters moved to Northern Ireland as a child.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u044d\\u0440\\u0438 \\u041f\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0441 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0435\\u0445\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u044e \\u0432 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435.\\\">Mary Peters moved to Northern Ireland as a child.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"She was a talented athlete\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u043b\\u0438\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u0442\\u0441\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439,\\\">She was a talented athlete<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"who won an Olympic gold medal\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u044b\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0437\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0442\\u0443\\u044e \\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\u043c\\u043f\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0443\\u044e \\u043c\\u0435\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\\">who won an Olympic gold medal<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the pentathlon in 1972.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043f\\u044f\\u0442\\u0438\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u044c\\u0435 \\u0432 1972 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">in the pentathlon in 1972.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"After this,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\\">After this,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"she raised money for local athletics\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c\\u0433\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043b\\u0435\\u0433\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0430\\u0442\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0438\\\">she raised money for local athletics<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and became the team manager\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u0434\\u0436\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u044b\\\">and became the team manager<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"for the women\\u2019s British Olympic team.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\u043c\\u043f\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439.\\\">for the women\\u2019s British Olympic team.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"She continues to promote sport and tourism\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0432\\u0438\\u0433\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u0440\\u0442 \\u0438 \\u0442\\u0443\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\\">She continues to promote sport and tourism<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in Northern Ireland\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438\\\">in Northern Ireland<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and was made a Dame of the British Empire\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0437\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0414\\u0430\\u043c\\u044b \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043c\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438\\\">and was made a Dame of the British Empire<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in 2000 in recognition of her work.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 2000 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0432 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043a \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0435\\u0435 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u044b.\\\">in 2000 in recognition of her work.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Europe and the Common Market\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0440\\u044b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043a\\\">Europe and the Common Market<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"West Germany,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0417\\u0430\\u043f\\u0430\\u0434\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0413\\u0435\\u0440\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">West Germany,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"France,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0424\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">France,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Belgium,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0433\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">Belgium,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Italy,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u044f,\\\">Italy,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Luxembourg and the Netherlands\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041b\\u044e\\u043a\\u0441\\u0435\\u043c\\u0431\\u0443\\u0440\\u0433 \\u0438 \\u041d\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u044b\\\">Luxembourg and the Netherlands<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"formed the European Economic Community (EEC)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0415\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e (\\u0415\\u042d\\u0421)\\\">formed the European Economic Community (EEC)<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in 1957.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 1957 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">in 1957.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"At first the UK did not wish to join the EEC\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0421\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u044f\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u043a \\u0415\\u042d\\u0421,\\\">At first the UK did not wish to join the EEC<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but it eventually did so in 1973.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432 1973 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">but it eventually did so in 1973.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The UK is a full member\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u044f\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c \\u0447\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\\">The UK is a full member<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the European Union\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0421\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u0430,\\\">of the European Union<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but does not use the Euro currency.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u044e\\u0442\\u0443 \\u0435\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e.\\\">but does not use the Euro currency.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"13\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; font-size: 18.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 1.7; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-weight: bold; margin: 1em 0;\\\">Chapter 2<\\\/p>\\n<!-- Page 14 -->\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"filter-block\\\">\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id1-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Conservative government from 1979 to 1997\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0441 1979 \\u043f\\u043e 1997 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\\">Conservative government from 1979 to 1997<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Margaret Thatcher (1925\\u20132013)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0430\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0422\\u044d\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440 (1925\\u20132013)\\\">Margaret Thatcher (1925\\u20132013)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/Margaret-Thatcher.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"640\\\" height=\\\"642\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7227 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id4-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Margaret Thatcher\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0430\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0422\\u044d\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\\">Margaret Thatcher<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Margaret Thatcher was the daughter of a grocer\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0430\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0422\\u044d\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\u044c\\u044e \\u0431\\u0430\\u043a\\u0430\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0449\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\\">Margaret Thatcher was the daughter of a grocer<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from Grantham in Lincolnshire.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438\\u0437 \\u0413\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u0430 \\u0432 \\u041b\\u0438\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0448\\u0438\\u0440\\u0435.\\\">from Grantham in Lincolnshire.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"She trained as a chemist and lawyer.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0445\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u044e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430.\\\">She trained as a chemist and lawyer.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"She was elected as a Conservative MP in 1959\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0447\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 1959 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">She was elected as a Conservative MP in 1959<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and became a cabinet minister in 1970\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u043a\\u0430\\u0431\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0432 1970 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">and became a cabinet minister in 1970<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"as the Secretary of State for Education and Science.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043a\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0435\\u043a\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430\\u0440\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e \\u0432\\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0443\\u043a\\u0438.\\\">as the Secretary of State for Education and Science.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1975 she was elected as Leader\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1975 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u043e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043b\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\\">In 1975 she was elected as Leader<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the Conservative Party\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u0438\\\">of the Conservative Party<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and so became Leader of the Opposition.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u043c \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043b\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u043e\\u043f\\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and so became Leader of the Opposition.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Following the Conservative victory\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u044b \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\\">Following the Conservative victory<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the General Election in 1979,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0430\\u0445 1979 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430,\\\">in the General Election in 1979,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0430\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0422\\u044d\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439-\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c\\\">Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">of the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"She was the longest-serving Prime Minister\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c, \\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0441\\u0435\\u0445 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u0432\\u0448\\u0438\\u043c \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0442 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\\">She was the longest-serving Prime Minister<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"of the 20th century,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 20 \\u0432\\u0435\\u043a\\u0435,\\\">of the 20th century,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"remaining in Office until 1990.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u0430\\u044f\\u0441\\u044c \\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443 \\u0434\\u043e 1990 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430.\\\">remaining in Office until 1990.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"During her premiership,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f \\u0435\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430\\\">During her premiership,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"there were a number of important economic reforms\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d \\u0440\\u044f\\u0434 \\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043c\\\">there were a number of important economic reforms<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"within the UK.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">within the UK.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"She worked closely with the United States President,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u0434\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0441 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0437\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u0421\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0428\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\\">She worked closely with the United States President,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Ronald Reagan,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u0434\\u043e\\u043c \\u0420\\u0435\\u0439\\u0433\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c,\\\">Ronald Reagan,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and was one of the first Western leaders\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u0438\\u043c \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043f\\u0430\\u0434\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043b\\u0438\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432,\\\">and was one of the first Western leaders<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to recognise and welcome the changes\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0432\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">to recognise and welcome the changes<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the leadership of the Soviet Union\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0421\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0421\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u0430,\\\">in the leadership of the Soviet Union<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"which eventually led to the end of the Cold War.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043a \\u043e\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0447\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u0445\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b.\\\">which eventually led to the end of the Cold War.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Margaret Thatcher,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041c\\u0430\\u0440\\u0433\\u0430\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0422\\u044d\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440,\\\">Margaret Thatcher,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Britain\\u2019s first woman Prime Minister,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u044f \\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430-\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440 \\u0411\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438,\\\">Britain\\u2019s first woman Prime Minister,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"led the Conservative government\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\\">led the Conservative government<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"from 1979 to 1990.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441 1979 \\u043f\\u043e 1990 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434.\\\">from 1979 to 1990.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The government made structural changes\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u0443\\u0440\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\\">The government made structural changes<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to the economy\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u044d\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0438\\u043a\\u0435\\\">to the economy<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"through the privatisation of nationalised industries\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0443\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0437\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439\\\">through the privatisation of nationalised industries<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and imposed legal controls\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\\">and imposed legal controls<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on trade union powers.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0444\\u0441\\u043e\\u044e\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432.\\\">on trade union powers.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Deregulation saw a great increase\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0443\\u043b\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u043a \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443 \\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\\">Deregulation saw a great increase<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the role of the City of London\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0421\\u0438\\u0442\\u0438\\\">in the role of the City of London<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"as an international centre for investments,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u043c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0434\\u0443\\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u0439,\\\">as an international centre for investments,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"insurance and other financial services.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0445\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0438 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0444\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0443\\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0433.\\\">insurance and other financial services.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Traditional industries,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0422\\u0440\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u0446\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438,\\\">Traditional industries,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"such as shipbuilding and coal mining,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0447\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0433\\u043b\\u044f,\\\">such as shipbuilding and coal mining,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"declined.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0448\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0443\\u043f\\u0430\\u0434\\u043e\\u043a.\\\">declined.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1982,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1982 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443\\\">In 1982,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0410\\u0440\\u0433\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0424\\u043e\\u043b\\u043a\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430,\\\">Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a British overseas territory\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0443\\u044e \\u0437\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u0443\\u044e \\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u044e\\\">a British overseas territory<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"in the South Atlantic.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u042e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0410\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0435.\\\">in the South Atlantic.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"A naval taskforce was sent from the UK\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u0437 \\u0412\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e-\\u043c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u044f \\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0433\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043f\\u0430,\\\">A naval taskforce was sent from the UK<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and military action led to the recovery of the islands.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043a \\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u0440\\u0430\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0432.\\\">and military action led to the recovery of the islands.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"John Major was Prime Minister after Mrs Thatcher,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0414\\u0436\\u043e\\u043d \\u041c\\u0435\\u0439\\u0434\\u0436\\u043e\\u0440 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0441\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441 \\u0422\\u044d\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\\">John Major was Prime Minister after Mrs Thatcher,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and helped establish the Northern Ireland peace process.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433 \\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0446\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441 \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438.\\\">and helped establish the Northern Ireland peace process.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Roald Dahl (1916\\u201390)\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u043e\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u0434 \\u0414\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c (1916\\u201390)\\\">Roald Dahl (1916\\u201390)<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/91.98.65.172\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/ROALD-DAHL.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"1500\\\" height=\\\"1006\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-7229 size-full\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Roald Dahl was born in Wales\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0420\\u043e\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u0434 \\u0414\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c \\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u043b\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0435\\\">Roald Dahl was born in Wales<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to Norwegian parents.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u0441\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435 \\u043d\\u043e\\u0440\\u0432\\u0435\\u0436\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439.\\\">to Norwegian parents.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He served in the Royal Air Force\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0436\\u0438\\u043b \\u0432 \\u041a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0412\\u0412\\u0421\\\">He served in the Royal Air Force<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"during the Second World War.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f \\u0412\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b.\\\">during the Second World War.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It was during the 1940s\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0418\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432 1940-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445\\\">It was during the 1940s<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"that he began to publish books and short stories.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043e\\u043d \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b \\u043f\\u0443\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u044b.\\\">that he began to publish books and short stories.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"He is most well known for his children\\u2019s books,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d \\u043d\\u0430\\u0438\\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d \\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438,\\\">He is most well known for his children\\u2019s books,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"although he also wrote for adults.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0445\\u043e\\u0442\\u044f \\u043e\\u043d \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u043b \\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0432\\u0437\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u044b\\u0445.\\\">although he also wrote for adults.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"His best-known works include\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0415\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0432\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442\\\">His best-known works include<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u00ab\\u0427\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u0448\\u043e\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0444\\u0430\\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u00bb\\\">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and George\\u2019s Marvellous Medicine.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u00ab\\u0427\\u0443\\u0434\\u0435\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043b\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0414\\u0436\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u0436\\u0430\\u00bb.\\\">and George\\u2019s Marvellous Medicine.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Several of his books have been made into films.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u043a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0433 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u044d\\u043a\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0437\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b.\\\">Several of his books have been made into films.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container id2-style\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Labour government from 1997-2010\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0441 1997 \\u043f\\u043e 2010 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\\">Labour government from 1997-2010<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"text-container\\\"><span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In 1997 the Labour Party\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 1997 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u041b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0431\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u044f \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f\\\">In 1997 the Labour Party<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"led by Tony Blair was elected.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432\\u043e \\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435 \\u0441 \\u0422\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0411\\u043b\\u044d\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430.\\\">led by Tony Blair was elected.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Blair government introduced\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0411\\u043b\\u044d\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\\">The Blair government introduced<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u0438 \\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u043a\\u0443\\u044e \\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u044e.\\\">a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Scottish Parliament has substantial powers\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0428\\u043e\\u0442\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438\\\">The Scottish Parliament has substantial powers<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"to legislate.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 \\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0430.\\\">to legislate.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Welsh Assembly was given fewer legislative powers\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0423\\u044d\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u044f \\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c\\u0448\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u043e\\u0447\\u0438\\u0439,\\\">The Welsh Assembly was given fewer legislative powers<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but considerable control over public services.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c \\u043d\\u0430\\u0434 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0441\\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u0440\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0436\\u0431\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438.\\\">but considerable control over public services.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"In Northern Ireland,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0412 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438\\\">In Northern Ireland,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"the Blair government was able to build\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044c\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0411\\u043b\\u044d\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043b\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\\">the Blair government was able to build<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"on the peace process,\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0446\\u0435\\u0441\\u0441,\\\">on the peace process,<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"resulting in the Good Friday Agreement\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e \\u043a \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u0421\\u043e\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0448\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0421\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043f\\u044f\\u0442\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u044b\\\">resulting in the Good Friday Agreement<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"signed in 1998.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0432 1998 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">signed in 1998.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"The Northern Ireland Assembly was elected in 1999\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0410\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u044f \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0438\\u0437\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432 1999 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443,\\\">The Northern Ireland Assembly was elected in 1999<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"but suspended in 2002.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u043d\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432 2002 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">but suspended in 2002.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"It was not reinstated until 2007.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0441\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0434\\u043e 2007 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430.\\\">It was not reinstated until 2007.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Most paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0411\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0432\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0437\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0433\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043f\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u043a \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0418\\u0440\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u0438\\u0438\\\">Most paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"have decommissioned their arms\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0440\\u0443\\u0436\\u0438\\u0435\\\">have decommissioned their arms<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"and are inactive.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0438 \\u0431\\u0435\\u0437\\u0434\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442.\\\">and are inactive.<\\\/span> <span class=\\\"text-with-button\\\" data-original=\\\"Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in 2007.\\\" data-translation=\\\"\\u0413\\u043e\\u0440\\u0434\\u043e\\u043d \\u0411\\u0440\\u0430\\u0443\\u043d \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044c\\u0435\\u0440-\\u043c\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c \\u0432 2007 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443.\\\">Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in 2007.<\\\/span><\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"14\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"class\":\"paginated-page-content\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"\\n  text-align: center;\\n  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;\\n  font-size: 18.5pt;\\n  color: #333333;\\n  line-height: 1.7;\\n  word-break: break-word;\\n  overflow-wrap: break-word;\\n  font-weight: bold;\\n  margin: 1em 0;\\n\\\">\\n  Chapter 2\\n<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"15\"}]}]}],\"name\":\"Chapter 3\"}]}]}],\"name\":\"\\u041d\\u041e\\u0412\\u0410\\u042f \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u044b \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043a \\u0438 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class=\\\"uk-button page-nav-button page-nav-button--icon-only\\\" type=\\\"button\\\" uk-toggle=\\\"target: #offcanvas-nav\\\" aria-label=\\\"Contents\\\">\\n      <span uk-icon=\\\"icon: settings\\\"><\\\/span> <!-- \\u0418\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u0430 settings -->\\n    <\\\/button>\\n  \\n    <!-- \\u0411\\u043b\\u043e\\u043a \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0445\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430 \\u043a \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0435 \\u0421\\u041f\\u0420\\u0410\\u0412\\u0410 -->\\n    <\/p>\n<div id=\\\"go-to-page-wrapper\\\">\\n      <input type=\\\"number\\\" id=\\\"go-to-page-input\\\" min=\\\"1\\\" placeholder=\\\"Page...\\\" \\\/>\\n      <!-- \\u041a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043a\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0441 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u043c \\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438 \\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u043e\\u043c page-nav-button--icon-only -->\\n      <button id=\\\"go-to-page-button\\\" class=\\\"page-nav-button page-nav-button--icon-only\\\" aria-label=\\\"\\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438\\\">\\n        <span uk-icon=\\\"search\\\"><\\\/span>\\n      <\\\/button>\\n    <\\\/div>\\n  \\n  <\\\/div> <!-- \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0446 .page-navigation-controls -->\\n  \\n\\n \\n<!-- \\u0421\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044e (\\u043e\\u0431\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0433\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e \\u0438\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430\\u0440\\u0445\\u0438\\u0438 PDF) -->\\n<\/p>\n<div id=\\\"offcanvas-nav\\\" uk-offcanvas=\\\"overlay: true\\\">\\n  <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-offcanvas-bar\\\">\\n    <\/p>\n<h4 class=\\\"uk-nav-header\\\">Table of contents<\\\/h4>\\n\\n    <!-- Section 1 -->\\n    <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"4\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n        <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>1. The values and principles of the UK<\\\/div>\\n        <\/p>\n<div>4<\\\/div>\\n      <\\\/div>\\n    <\\\/a>\\n    <\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"4\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>1.1 Chapter 1: The values and principles of the UK<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>4<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"5\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>1.2 Becoming a permanent resident<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>5<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"6\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>1.3 The values and principles of the UK<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>6<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"7\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>1.4 Taking the Life in the UK test<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>7<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n    <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-margin-top\\\"><\\\/div> <!-- \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f -->\\n\\n    <!-- Section 2 -->\\n    <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"8\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n        <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>2. What is the UK<\\\/div>\\n        <\/p>\n<div>8<\\\/div>\\n      <\\\/div>\\n    <\\\/a>\\n    <\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"8\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>2.1 Chapter 2: What is the UK?<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>8<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"9\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>2.2 What is the UK?<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>9<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n    <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-margin-top\\\"><\\\/div> <!-- \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f -->\\n\\n    <!-- Section 3 -->\\n    <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"10\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n        <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3. A long and illustrious history<\\\/div>\\n        <\/p>\n<div>10<\\\/div>\\n      <\\\/div>\\n    <\\\/a>\\n    <\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\\\">\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"10\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.1 Chapter 3: A long and illustrious history<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>10<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"11\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.2 Britain since 1945<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>11<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"16\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.3 A global power<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>16<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"23\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.4 The 20th century<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>23<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"27\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.5 The Middle Ages<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>27<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"32\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.6 The Tudors and Stuarts<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>32<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"39\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>3.7 Early Britain<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>39<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n    <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-margin-top\\\"><\\\/div> <!-- \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f -->\\n\\n    <!-- Section 4 -->\\n    <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"43\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n        <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4. A modern, thriving society<\\\/div>\\n        <\/p>\n<div>43<\\\/div>\\n      <\\\/div>\\n    <\\\/a>\\n    <\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"43\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.1 Chapter 4: A modern, thriving society<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>43<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"44\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.2 Arts and culture<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>44<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"51\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.3 Customs and traditions<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>51<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"54\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.4 Leisure<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>54<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"59\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.5 Places of interest<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>59<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"62\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.6 Religion<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>62<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"64\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.7 Sport<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>64<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"68\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>4.8 The UK today<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>68<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n    <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-margin-top\\\"><\\\/div> <!-- \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f -->\\n\\n    <!-- Section 5 -->\\n     <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"72\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n        <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5. The UK Government, the law and your role<\\\/div>\\n        <\/p>\n<div>72<\\\/div>\\n      <\\\/div>\\n    <\\\/a>\\n     <\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"72\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.1 Chapter 5: The UK government, the law and your role<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>72<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"73\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.2 The development of British democracy<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>73<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"74\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.3 The British constitution<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>74<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"79\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.4 Fundamental principles<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>79<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"82\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.5 Respecting the law<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>82<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"86\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.6 The government<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>86<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"90\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.7 The UK and international institutions<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>90<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n       <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"93\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>5.8 Your role in the community<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>93<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n    <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-margin-top\\\"><\\\/div> <!-- \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f -->\\n\\n    <!-- Section 6 -->\\n     <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"96\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n        <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>6. Summary<\\\/div>\\n        <\/p>\n<div>96<\\\/div>\\n      <\\\/div>\\n    <\\\/a>\\n     <\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"uk-list uk-list-collapse uk-margin-small-left\\\">\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"96\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>6.1 Sources<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>96<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n      <\/p>\n<li>\\n        <a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"contents-nav-item uk-display-block uk-link-reset\\\" data-page=\\\"97\\\">\\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-grid-small\\\" uk-grid>\\n            <\/p>\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-expand\\\" uk-leader>6.2 Key Material and Facts<\\\/div>\\n            <\/p>\n<div>97<\\\/div>\\n          <\\\/div>\\n        <\\\/a>\\n      <\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n    <!-- \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044f\\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d, \\u043d\\u043e \\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0438\\u044f -->\\n    <!-- \n\n<div class=\\\"uk-margin-top\\\"><\\\/div> -->\\n\\n  <\\\/div> <!-- \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0446 .uk-offcanvas-bar -->\\n<\\\/div> <!-- \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0446 #offcanvas-nav -->\\n\\n\\n<\/p>\n<style>\\n    \\\/* \\u0423\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u0448\\u0438\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0443 \\u0431\\u043e\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044e *\\\/\\n    #offcanvas-nav .uk-offcanvas-bar {\\n      width: 450px; 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\\\/* !!! \\u0418\\u0417\\u041c\\u0415\\u041d\\u0415\\u041d\\u041e: \\u041d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430 (\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e 34px) !!! *\\\/\\n  width:80px; \\\/* \\u041d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0448\\u0438\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0443 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0436\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e *\\\/\\n  padding: 0 10px;\\n  font-size: 16px; \\\/* \\u0414\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0442\\u0432\\u0440\\u0430\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0437\\u0443\\u043c\\u0430 *\\\/\\n  line-height:40px; \\\/* !!! \\u0418\\u0417\\u041c\\u0415\\u041d\\u0415\\u041d\\u041e: \\u041d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430 - 2px (\\u0434\\u043b\\u044f border) !!! *\\\/\\n  border-radius: 4px;\\n  box-sizing: border-box;\\n  vertical-align: middle;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* --- \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u0444\\u043e\\u043a\\u0443\\u0441\\u0435 --- *\\\/\\n#go-to-page-input:focus {\\n  outline: none;\\n  border-color: #1e87f0;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* --- \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u043f\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u0445\\u043e\\u043b\\u0434\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430 --- *\\\/\\n#go-to-page-input::placeholder {\\n  color: #999;\\n  opacity: 1;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n\\\/* == \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043a \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0433\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 (Contents \\u0438 \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438) == *\\\/\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n.page-nav-button {\\n  \\\/* --- \\u041e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u0438\\u0434 --- *\\\/\\n  background-color: #e8eef2;\\n  color: #515070;\\n  border: 1px solid #dfe3e8;\\n  \\\/* --- \\u0420\\u0430\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b --- *\\\/\\n  padding: 0 18px; \\\/* \\u041f\\u0430\\u0434\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0433 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0443\\u043c\\u043e\\u043b\\u0447\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043a \\u0441 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c *\\\/\\n  height: 45px; \\\/* !!! \\u0418\\u0417\\u041c\\u0415\\u041d\\u0415\\u041d\\u041e: \\u0423\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430 (\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e 34px) !!! *\\\/\\n  font-size: 14px;\\n  border-radius: 4px;\\n  \\\/* --- \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 --- *\\\/\\n  cursor: pointer;\\n  vertical-align: middle;\\n  display: inline-flex; \\\/* \\u0418\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u0443\\u0435\\u043c flex \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n  align-items: center;    \\\/* \\u0412\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n  justify-content: center;\\\/* \\u0413\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0446\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n  box-sizing: border-box;\\n  text-decoration: none;\\n  transition: background-color 0.1s ease-in-out, border-color 0.1s ease-in-out, color 0.1s ease-in-out;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n\\\/* == \\u041c\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0444\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043a \\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0441 \\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 == *\\\/\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n.page-nav-button--icon-only {\\n  padding: 0; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u0433\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0434\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0433 *\\\/\\n  width: 45px; \\\/* !!! \\u0418\\u0417\\u041c\\u0415\\u041d\\u0415\\u041d\\u041e: \\u0428\\u0438\\u0440\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435 (\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e 34px) !!! *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* --- \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043a \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 --- *\\\/\\n.page-nav-button:hover {\\n  background-color: #dde4e9;\\n  border-color: #ced4da;\\n  color: #515070;\\n  text-decoration: none;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n\\\/* == \\u0421\\u043f\\u0435\\u0446\\u0438\\u0444\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043a\\u0438 \\\"\\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438\\\" (\\u0435\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b) == *\\\/\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n#go-to-page-button {\\n  \\\/* \\u0411\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0438\\u043d\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u044c \\u043e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432 --icon-only *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n\\\/* == \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u043a \\u0432\\u043d\\u0443\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043e\\u043a \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0433\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 == *\\\/\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n.page-nav-button span[uk-icon] {\\n  \\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0438\\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u043a\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0443\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u044e\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f UIkit *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\n\\\/* == \\u041c\\u043e\\u0431\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 == *\\\/\\n\\\/* =============================================== *\\\/\\ninput[type=\\\"number\\\"] {\\n  font-size: 16px; \\\/* \\u041f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u043e\\u0442\\u0432\\u0440\\u0430\\u0449\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e-\\u0437\\u0443\\u043c *\\\/\\n}   \\n    \\n    \\n    \\n<\\\/style>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"css \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u044b\\u0439 2\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<script>\\n\\n\\\/\\\/ \\u0424\\u0430\\u0439\\u043b: contents-menu-handler.js\\n\\n\\\/\\\/ \\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u0441\\u044f, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e DOM \\u0437\\u0430\\u0433\\u0440\\u0443\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d \\u0438 jQuery \\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u0435\\u043d\\njQuery(function($) {\\n\\n    console.log('Contents menu handler script initialized.');\\n\\n    const offcanvasSelector = '#offcanvas-nav';\\n    const navItemSelector = 'a.contents-nav-item';\\n\\n    $(offcanvasSelector).on('click', navItemSelector, function (e) {\\n        e.preventDefault();\\n\\n        const $link = $(this);\\n        const pageStr = $link.data('page');\\n        const pageNum = parseInt(pageStr, 10);\\n\\n        if (!isNaN(pageNum) && pageNum >= 1 && typeof window.goToPage === 'function') {\\n            const pageIndex = pageNum - 1;\\n            console.log(`[Contents Menu] Will navigate to page index ${pageIndex} (Page ${pageNum})`);\\n\\n            if (typeof UIkit !== 'undefined' && UIkit.offcanvas) {\\n                const offcanvasInstance = UIkit.offcanvas(offcanvasSelector);\\n                if (offcanvasInstance) {\\n                    \\\/\\\/ \\u041d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0448\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u043e\\u0434\\u043d\\u043e\\u043a\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0447\\u0438\\u043a \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b\\u0442\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u0440\\u044b\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f offcanvas\\n                    $(offcanvasSelector).one('hidden', function () {\\n                        console.log('[Contents Menu] Offcanvas closed, now navigating to page.');\\n                        window.goToPage(pageIndex);\\n                    });\\n\\n                    offcanvasInstance.hide();\\n                } else {\\n                    console.warn(`[Contents Menu] Could not find offcanvas instance for ${offcanvasSelector} to hide.`);\\n                    window.goToPage(pageIndex); \\\/\\\/ fallback\\n                }\\n            } else {\\n                console.warn('[Contents Menu] UIkit or UIkit.offcanvas is not available to hide the menu.');\\n                window.goToPage(pageIndex); \\\/\\\/ fallback\\n            }\\n\\n        } else if (typeof window.goToPage !== 'function') {\\n            console.error('[Contents Menu] Function window.goToPage is not defined.');\\n        } else {\\n            console.warn('[Contents Menu] Invalid page number in data-page attribute:', pageStr);\\n        }\\n    });\\n\\n});\\n\\n<\\\/script>\\n\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"js \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u043d\\u043e\\u043f\\u043a\\u0438 \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044e \\u0431\\u043e\\u043a\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0438\\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<style>\\n\\\/* --- \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u043e\\u0432 --- *\\\/\\n\\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u043b\\u0438\\u0448\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u044b \\u0443 \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430 *\\\/\\nul.uk-switcher.uk-margin {\\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\\n    padding: 0 !important; \\\/* \\u0414\\u043e\\u0431\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043c \\u0441\\u0431\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441 padding \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u044f\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0430\\u0439 *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440, \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u0449\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0441\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440 *\\\/\\n.paginated-content-host {\\n    padding-top: 0;\\n    padding-bottom: 15px; \\\/* \\u041e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439 *\\\/\\n    margin-top: 0;\\n    margin-bottom: 0;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls {\\n    margin-top: 0; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f \\u043d\\u0430\\u0434 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0435\\u0439 *\\\/\\n    margin-bottom: 0;\\n    padding: 0;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u043e\\u043a \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination {\\n    margin-top: 0;\\n    margin-bottom: 0;\\n    \\\/* \\u0426\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 (\\u0435\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u0439) *\\\/\\n    justify-content: center;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* --- \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u0446 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u043e\\u0432 --- *\\\/\\n\\n\\n\\\/* --- \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u041f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 --- *\\\/\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0410\\u041a\\u0422\\u0418\\u0412\\u041d\\u041e\\u0413\\u041e \\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u044b *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.page-number-item.uk-active a {\\n  background-color: var(--uk-theme-primary) !important; \\\/* \\u041e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043c\\u044b *\\\/\\n  color: var(--uk-theme-primary-color) !important; \\\/* \\u0426\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n  font-weight: bold !important;\\n  border-radius: 2px !important;\\n  text-decoration: none !important;\\n  opacity: 1 !important; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043c\\u0441\\u044f, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0442 \\u043d\\u0435\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d *\\\/\\n  border: none !important; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u0432\\u043e\\u0437\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u043d\\u0443\\u044e \\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0443 *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u041d\\u0415\\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446 *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.page-number-item:not(.uk-active) a:hover {\\n   background-color: #f8f8f8; \\\/* \\u0421\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u043b\\u043e-\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0444\\u043e\\u043d *\\\/\\n   color: #666; \\\/* \\u0422\\u0435\\u043c\\u043d\\u043e-\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442 *\\\/\\n   text-decoration: none; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\u043a\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0410\\u041a\\u0422\\u0418\\u0412\\u041d\\u042b\\u0419 \\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u044b (\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u043c \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c) *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.page-number-item.uk-active a:hover {\\n   background-color: var(--uk-theme-primary) !important; \\\/* \\u041e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u043c \\u0444\\u043e\\u043d \\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e *\\\/\\n   color: var(--uk-theme-primary-color) !important; \\\/* \\u041e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u043c \\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e *\\\/\\n   cursor: default; \\\/* \\u041f\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u043a\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0438\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0412\\u0421\\u0415\\u0425 \\u0441\\u0441\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e\\u043a \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 (\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u043a\\u0438) *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination a {\\n  \\\/* font-family: 'Georgia', serif; *\\\/\\n  font-family: 'Merriweather', serif; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0442 \\u0448\\u0440\\u0438\\u0444\\u0442 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0434\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d *\\\/\\n  font-size: 15pt; \\\/* \\u0412\\u0430\\u0448 \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0448\\u0440\\u0438\\u0444\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n  \\\/* \\u0414\\u043e\\u0431\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435\\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e padding \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0443\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u043a\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0438 \\u0432\\u0438\\u0437\\u0443\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f *\\\/\\n  padding: 5px 10px;\\n  display: inline-block; \\\/* \\u0414\\u043b\\u044f \\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u0440\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f padding *\\\/\\n  line-height: 1.2; \\\/* \\u0412\\u044b\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043d\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u041d\\u0415\\u0410\\u041a\\u0422\\u0418\\u0412\\u041d\\u042b\\u0425 (disabled) \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\u043a *\\\/\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li.uk-disabled a {\\n  opacity: 0.5 !important; \\\/* \\u0414\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0437\\u0440\\u0430\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438, !important \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0441\\u044f\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0441\\u043b\\u0443\\u0447\\u0430\\u0439 *\\\/\\n  cursor: not-allowed !important; \\\/* \\u0417\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0449\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441\\u043e\\u0440 *\\\/\\n  background-color: transparent !important; \\\/* \\u0423\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u0435\\u043c \\u0444\\u043e\\u043d \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438, \\u0435\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u043d \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b *\\\/\\n  color: inherit !important; \\\/* \\u041d\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u0443\\u0435\\u043c \\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0431\\u044b \\u043d\\u0435 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0444\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c \\u0441 hover *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0430\\u043a\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u043b\\u043a\\u0438 (\\u0435\\u0441\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e) *\\\/\\n\\\/*\\n#pagination-controls ul.uk-pagination li:not(.uk-disabled) a[uk-switcher-item]:hover {\\n   background-color: #f8f8f8;\\n   color: #666;\\n}\\n*\\\/\\n\\n\\n    \\n    \\n<\\\/style>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"css \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<script>\\nlet switcherInstance = null;\\n\\njQuery(function($) {\\n    const pageElementSelector = '.paginated-page-content';\\n    const paginationControlsId = '#pagination-controls';\\n    const animationType = 'uk-animation-slide-left';\\n    const hostElementClass = 'paginated-content-host';\\n    const observerTargetSelector = '.yootheme-builder';\\n\\n    function scrollToTop($target) {\\n        $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $target.offset().top }, 300);\\n    }\\n\\n    function renderSmartPagination($paginationList, currentIndex, totalPages) {\\n        const maxVisible = 7;\\n        let html = '';\\n\\n        html += '<\/p>\n<li><a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"pagination-prev\\\" aria-label=\\\"Previous\\\"><span uk-pagination-previous><\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li>';\\n\\n        const visiblePages = [];\\n        if (totalPages <= maxVisible) {\\n            for (let i = 0; i < totalPages; i++) visiblePages.push(i);\\n        } else {\\n            visiblePages.push(0);\\n            const start = Math.max(currentIndex - 1, 1);\\n            const end = Math.min(currentIndex + 1, totalPages - 2);\\n\\n            if (start > 1) visiblePages.push('dots');\\n            for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) visiblePages.push(i);\\n            if (end < totalPages - 2) visiblePages.push('dots');\\n            visiblePages.push(totalPages - 1);\\n        }\\n\\n        visiblePages.forEach(i => {\\n            if (i === 'dots') {\\n                html += '\n<li class=\\\"uk-disabled\\\"><span>\\u2026<\\\/span><\\\/li>';\\n            } else {\\n                html += `\n<li class=\\\"page-number-item ${i === currentIndex ? 'uk-active' : ''}\\\"><a href=\\\"#\\\" data-page-index=\\\"${i}\\\">${i + 1}<\\\/a><\\\/li>`;\\n            }\\n        });\\n\\n        html += '\n<li><a href=\\\"#\\\" class=\\\"pagination-next\\\" aria-label=\\\"Next\\\"><span uk-pagination-next><\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li>';\\n\\n        $paginationList.html(html);\\n        $paginationList.find('.pagination-prev').parent().toggleClass('uk-disabled', currentIndex === 0);\\n        $paginationList.find('.pagination-next').parent().toggleClass('uk-disabled', currentIndex === totalPages - 1);\\n    }\\n\\n    function initializePagination() {\\n        const $pageElements = $(pageElementSelector);\\n        const $paginationContainer = $(paginationControlsId);\\n        const $paginationList = $paginationContainer.find('.uk-pagination');\\n        const $originalParents = $pageElements.parent();\\n\\n        if ($pageElements.length <= 1 || !$paginationContainer.length || !$paginationList.length) return;\\n\\n        const $switcherWrapper = $('\n\n<ul class=\\\"uk-switcher uk-margin\\\"><\\\/ul>');\\n\\n        $pageElements.each(function() {\\n            const $originalBlock = $(this);\\n            const $pageLi = $('\n<li><\\\/li>').append($originalBlock.clone(true, true));\\n            $switcherWrapper.append($pageLi);\\n            $originalBlock.remove();\\n        });\\n\\n        const $firstParent = $originalParents.first();\\n        if ($firstParent.length) {\\n            $firstParent.addClass(hostElementClass);\\n            $firstParent.empty().append($switcherWrapper);\\n            $originalParents.slice(1).hide();\\n        }\\n\\n        const totalPages = $switcherWrapper.children().length;\\n\\n        switcherInstance = UIkit.switcher($switcherWrapper, {\\n            animation: animationType,\\n            swiping: true\\n        });\\n\\n        function goToPage(index) {\\n            if (index >= 0 && index < totalPages) {\\n                switcherInstance.show(index);\\n                renderSmartPagination($paginationList, index, totalPages);\\n                scrollToTop($switcherWrapper);\\n            }\\n        }\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ \\u0413\\u043b\\u043e\\u0431\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0444\\u0443\\u043d\\u043a\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f\\n        window.goToPage = goToPage;\\n\\n        $paginationList.off('click').on('click', 'li.page-number-item a', function(e) {\\n            e.preventDefault();\\n            const pageIndex = $(this).data('page-index');\\n            if (typeof pageIndex === 'number') goToPage(pageIndex);\\n        });\\n\\n        $paginationList.on('click', '.pagination-prev', function(e) {\\n            e.preventDefault();\\n            const currentIndex = $switcherWrapper.find('li.uk-active').index();\\n            if (currentIndex > 0) goToPage(currentIndex - 1);\\n        });\\n\\n        $paginationList.on('click', '.pagination-next', function(e) {\\n            e.preventDefault();\\n            const currentIndex = $switcherWrapper.find('li.uk-active').index();\\n            if (currentIndex < totalPages - 1) goToPage(currentIndex + 1);\\n        });\\n\\n        UIkit.util.on($switcherWrapper, 'shown', function(event, switcher) {\\n            const $activeLi = $switcherWrapper.children('li.uk-active');\\n            const foundIndex = $activeLi.index();\\n            if (foundIndex >= 0) renderSmartPagination($paginationList, foundIndex, totalPages);\\n        });\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ \\u041d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0430\\n        setTimeout(function() {\\n            if (typeof switcherInstance.show === 'function') {\\n                switcherInstance.show(0);\\n                setTimeout(() => {\\n                    UIkit.util.trigger($switcherWrapper, 'shown', [null, switcherInstance]);\\n                }, 150);\\n            }\\n        }, 100);\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0439\\u0442\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0443 \\u0447\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0437 \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\n        $('#go-to-page-button').on('click', function () {\\n            const inputVal = parseInt($('#go-to-page-input').val(), 10);\\n            if (!isNaN(inputVal) && inputVal >= 1 && inputVal <= totalPages) {\\n                goToPage(inputVal - 1);\\n            } else {\\n                alert('\\u0412\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u0440\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043d\\u043e\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u044b.');\\n            }\\n        });\\n    }\\n\\n    initializePagination();\\n\\n    const observerTarget = document.querySelector(observerTargetSelector);\\n    if (observerTarget) {\\n        const observer = new MutationObserver((mutationsList) => {\\n            let shouldRebuild = false;\\n            mutationsList.forEach(mutation => {\\n                if (\\n                    mutation.type === 'childList' &&\\n                    ([...mutation.addedNodes, ...mutation.removedNodes].some(node =>\\n                        node.nodeType === 1 && node.classList.contains('paginated-page-content')\\n                    ))\\n                ) {\\n                    shouldRebuild = true;\\n                }\\n            });\\n\\n            if (shouldRebuild) {\\n                initializePagination();\\n            }\\n        });\\n\\n        observer.observe(observerTarget, {\\n            childList: true,\\n            subtree: true\\n        });\\n    }\\n});\\n\\n\\n<\\\/script>\\n\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"js pagination \\u043d\\u043e\\u04323 \\u0441 \\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0447\\u043a\\u0430\\u0441\\u0438\"}]}]}],\"name\":\"\\u041a\\u043e\\u0434 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0433\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<br \/>\n<style>\\n\\\/* \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440 *\\\/\\n.filter-block {\\n    display: block;\\n    width: 100%;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u041a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n.text-container {\\n    display: inline; \\\/* inline \\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e *\\\/\\n    line-height: 1.5;\\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0422\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442 \\u0441 \\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u0443\\u0447\\u043a\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043c *\\\/\\n.text-with-button {\\n    display: inline; \\\/* inline \\u043f\\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u044f\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c\\u0441\\u044f \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e *\\\/\\n    font-family: 'Georgia', serif; \\\/* \\u041a\\u043d\\u0438\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0448\\u0440\\u0438\\u0444\\u0442 *\\\/\\n    font-size: 18.5pt; \\\/* \\u0420\\u0430\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440 \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n    color: #333; \\\/* \\u0422\\u0435\\u043c\\u043d\\u043e-\\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n    line-height: 1.7; \\\/* \\u041c\\u0435\\u0436\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0443\\u0434\\u043e\\u0431\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0447\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f *\\\/\\n    word-break: break-word; \\\/* \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441 \\u0434\\u043b\\u0438\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432 *\\\/\\n    overflow-wrap: break-word; \\\/* \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441 \\u0434\\u043b\\u0438\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432 *\\\/\\n    user-select: none; \\\/* \\u041e\\u0442\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 *\\\/\\n    -webkit-user-select: none; \\\/* \\u0414\\u043b\\u044f Safari \\u0438 Chrome \\u043d\\u0430 iOS *\\\/\\n    -ms-user-select: none; \\\/* \\u0414\\u043b\\u044f Internet Explorer \\u0438 Edge *\\\/\\n    -moz-user-select: none; \\\/* \\u0414\\u043b\\u044f Firefox *\\\/\\n    -webkit-touch-callout: none; \\\/* \\u041e\\u0442\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0441\\u043f\\u043b\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u044e\\u0449\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044e \\u043d\\u0430 iOS *\\\/\\n}\\n\\n\\\/* \\u0421\\u0442\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430 (\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430 \\u0440\\u0443\\u0441\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439) *\\\/\\n.text-with-button.translated {\\n    font-size: 16pt; \\\/* \\u041d\\u0435\\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c\\u0448\\u0435, \\u0447\\u0435\\u043c \\u0430\\u043d\\u0433\\u043b\\u0438\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439 \\u0442\\u0435\\u043a\\u0441\\u0442 *\\\/\\n    color: #777; \\\/* \\u0411\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442\\u043b\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0435\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0446\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442 *\\\/\\n    font-style: italic; \\\/* \\u041a\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441\\u0438\\u0432 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430 *\\\/\\n}\\n  \\n    \\n\\n .text-container {\\n    display: block;\\n    text-indent: 20px; \\\/* \\u043e\\u0442\\u0441\\u0442\\u0443\\u043f \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0431\\u0437\\u0430\\u0446\\u0430 *\\\/\\n} \\n    \\n    \\n    \\n<\\\/style>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"css \\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u0443\\u0447\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<script src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/code.jquery.com\\\/jquery-3.6.4.min.js\\\"><\\\/script>\\n<script>\\njQuery(document).ready(function ($) {\\n    console.log(\\\"--- Script Initializing (Google TTS - Delegated Events for Switcher) ---\\\");\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ Check jQuery\\n    if (typeof $ === 'undefined') {\\n        console.error(\\\"jQuery \\u043d\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d! Script stopped.\\\");\\n        return;\\n    }\\n    console.log(\\\"jQuery Found.\\\");\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ --- State Variables ---\\n    var pressTimer = null;          \\\/\\\/ Timer for long press (translation)\\n    var interactionElement = null;  \\\/\\\/ Element currently being long-pressed\\n    var currentAudioObject = null;  \\\/\\\/ Holds the currently playing\\\/loading Audio object\\n    var isFetchingAudio = false;    \\\/\\\/ Flag: true if a request to Google TTS is in progress\\n    var currentAudioElement = null; \\\/\\\/ Element associated with currentAudioObject\\n\\n    console.log(\\\"Variables initialized.\\\");\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ --- Event Delegation Setup ---\\n    \\\/\\\/ IMPORTANT: Change 'body' to a more specific parent container ID\\\/class\\n    \\\/\\\/ if possible (e.g., '#my-switcher-id', '.my-switcher-wrapper')\\n    var containerSelector = 'body';\\n    console.log(`Attaching delegated events to: ${containerSelector}`);\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ --- Google TTS API Key ---\\n    \\\/\\\/ \\u0412\\u041d\\u0418\\u041c\\u0410\\u041d\\u0418\\u0415: \\u0425\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c API \\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447 \\u043f\\u0440\\u044f\\u043c\\u043e \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0431\\u0435\\u0437\\u043e\\u043f\\u0430\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0443\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u043d\\u044b\\u0445 \\u0441\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432!\\n    var googleApiKey = 'AIzaSyCYou31ppyCN-5QuOIOl4JegNWFHMeoAXk'; \\\/\\\/ \\u0412\\u0410\\u0428 \\u041a\\u041b\\u042e\\u0427 API\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ --- Function to Stop Current Audio ---\\n    function stopCurrentAudio() {\\n        if (currentAudioObject) {\\n            console.log(\\\"Stopping previous audio.\\\");\\n            currentAudioObject.pause();\\n            \\\/\\\/ Remove event listeners to prevent memory leaks if object is reused (though we create new ones)\\n            currentAudioObject.onended = null;\\n            currentAudioObject.onerror = null;\\n            currentAudioObject = null; \\\/\\\/ Clear the reference\\n        }\\n        if (currentAudioElement) {\\n            currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-playing'); \\\/\\\/ Optional: remove playing style\\n            currentAudioElement = null;\\n        }\\n        isFetchingAudio = false; \\\/\\\/ Ensure fetch flag is reset if audio is stopped externally\\n    }\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ --- Event Handlers using Delegation ---\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ 1. Handle Long Press (Translation) - Adapted from GitHub example\\n    $(containerSelector).on('mousedown touchstart', '.text-with-button', function (e) {\\n        interactionElement = $(this);\\n        var originalText = interactionElement.data('original'); \\\/\\\/ Use original text for logging\\n        console.log(`[${originalText}] mousedown\\\/touchstart detected.`);\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ --- Stop audio if long press starts ---\\n        \\\/\\\/ This prevents translation appearing while audio is playing from a previous dblclick\\n        if (currentAudioObject) {\\n             console.log(`[${originalText}] Long press initiated, stopping current audio.`);\\n             stopCurrentAudio();\\n        }\\n        \\\/\\\/ ---\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ Clear any previous press timer\\n        clearTimeout(pressTimer);\\n        pressTimer = null;\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ Start press timer for translation\\n        pressTimer = setTimeout(function () {\\n             if (!interactionElement || !document.body.contains(interactionElement[0])) {\\n                 console.warn(`[${originalText}] pressTimer fired, but interactionElement is null or detached.`);\\n                 pressTimer = null;\\n                 interactionElement = null;\\n                 return;\\n             }\\n            console.log(`[${originalText}] pressTimer fired (long press).`);\\n            pressTimer = null; \\\/\\\/ Timer has fired\\n\\n            \\\/\\\/ Perform translation\\n            var isCurrentlyTranslated = interactionElement.data('translated');\\n            if (!isCurrentlyTranslated) {\\n                interactionElement.text(interactionElement.data('translation'));\\n                interactionElement.data('translated', true);\\n                interactionElement.addClass('translated');\\n            } else {\\n                interactionElement.text(interactionElement.data('original'));\\n                interactionElement.data('translated', false);\\n                interactionElement.removeClass('translated');\\n            }\\n             console.log(`[${originalText}] Translation action complete.`);\\n             \\\/\\\/ Keep interactionElement until mouseup\\\/touchend\\n\\n        }, 700); \\\/\\\/ 700ms duration\\n        console.log(`[${originalText}] pressTimer set for 700ms.`);\\n\\n    }).on('mouseup touchend mouseleave touchcancel touchmove', '.text-with-button', function (e) { \\\/\\\/ Added touchcancel\\n        \\\/\\\/ Clear press timer if the interaction ends or is interrupted\\n        if (interactionElement && interactionElement.is($(this))) {\\n             var originalText = interactionElement.data('original');\\n             if (pressTimer) {\\n                 clearTimeout(pressTimer);\\n                 console.log(`[${originalText}] Cleared pressTimer due to ${e.type}.`);\\n                 pressTimer = null;\\n             }\\n             \\\/\\\/ Reset interaction element only on end\\\/leave\\\/cancel\\\/move\\n             if (e.type !== 'mousedown' && e.type !== 'touchstart') {\\n                 interactionElement = null;\\n             }\\n        } else if (pressTimer && (e.type === 'mouseleave' || e.type === 'touchmove' || e.type === 'touchcancel')) {\\n            \\\/\\\/ If interactionElement was lost but timer exists, clear it\\n            clearTimeout(pressTimer);\\n            console.log(`[Unknown Text] Cleared pressTimer due to ${e.type} with lost element.`);\\n            pressTimer = null;\\n            interactionElement = null;\\n        }\\n    });\\n\\n    \\\/\\\/ 2. Handle Double Click (Google TTS Audio Playback)\\n    $(containerSelector).on('dblclick', '.text-with-button', function (e) {\\n        var $this = $(this);\\n        var textToSpeak = $this.data('original');\\n        console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] dblclick detected.`);\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ IMPORTANT: Cancel any pending long press immediately\\n        if (pressTimer) {\\n            clearTimeout(pressTimer);\\n            console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Cleared pressTimer due to dblclick.`);\\n            pressTimer = null;\\n        }\\n        \\\/\\\/ Reset interaction element state if it was somehow still set\\n        interactionElement = null;\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ Check if translation was accidentally triggered\\n        if ($this.hasClass('translated')) {\\n            console.warn(`[${textToSpeak}] Element was translated during dblclick sequence. Reverting.`);\\n            $this.text($this.data('original'));\\n            $this.data('translated', false);\\n            $this.removeClass('translated');\\n        }\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ --- Google TTS Playback Logic ---\\n        if (isFetchingAudio) {\\n            console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Ignoring dblclick: Audio fetch already in progress.`);\\n            return; \\\/\\\/ Don't start a new fetch if one is already running\\n        }\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ Stop any currently playing audio before starting new fetch\\n        stopCurrentAudio();\\n\\n        console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Starting Google TTS fetch...`);\\n        isFetchingAudio = true;\\n        currentAudioElement = $this; \\\/\\\/ Store the element requesting audio\\n        $this.addClass('audio-loading'); \\\/\\\/ Add loading indicator style\\n\\n        \\\/\\\/ --- SSML Preparation ---\\n        \\\/\\\/ *** \\u0418\\u0417\\u041c\\u0415\\u041d\\u0415\\u041d\\u0418\\u0415 \\u0421\\u041a\\u041e\\u0420\\u041e\\u0421\\u0422\\u0418 \\u0420\\u0415\\u0427\\u0418 ***\\n        \\\/\\\/ \\u0421\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430 161: \\u0418\\u0437\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u043a\\u0430\\u0432\\u044b\\u0447\\u043a\\u0430\\u0445 (\\u043d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440, \\\"90%\\\", \\\"80%\\\", \\\"50%\\\") \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u0443\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e.\\n        var speechRate = \\\"75%\\\";\\n        var ssmlTextToSpeak = `<speak><prosody rate=\\\"${speechRate}\\\">${textToSpeak}<\\\/prosody><\\\/speak>`;\\n        \\\/\\\/ --- End SSML Preparation ---\\n\\n        fetch('https:\\\/\\\/texttospeech.googleapis.com\\\/v1\\\/text:synthesize?key=' + googleApiKey, {\\n            method: 'POST',\\n            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application\\\/json' },\\n            body: JSON.stringify({\\n                \\\/\\\/ \\u0418\\u0441\\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0437\\u0443\\u0435\\u043c SSML \\u0432\\u043c\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e text\\n                input: { ssml: ssmlTextToSpeak },\\n                voice: { languageCode: 'en-GB', name: 'en-GB-Neural2-B', }, \\\/\\\/ \\u0423\\u0431\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u0441\\u044c, \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u0432\\u044b\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d \\u043d\\u0443\\u0436\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439 \\u0433\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\n                audioConfig: { audioEncoding: 'LINEAR16' },\\n            })\\n        })\\n        .then(response => {\\n            if (!response.ok) {\\n                \\\/\\\/ Throw error to be caught by .catch\\n                throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);\\n            }\\n            return response.json();\\n        })\\n        .then(data => {\\n            $this.removeClass('audio-loading'); \\\/\\\/ Remove loading style\\n            if (data.audioContent) {\\n                console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Fetch successful. Creating and playing audio.`);\\n                \\\/\\\/ Create a NEW Audio object for this playback\\n                var newAudio = new Audio('data:audio\\\/wav;base64,' + data.audioContent);\\n                currentAudioObject = newAudio; \\\/\\\/ Store reference to the new object\\n\\n                \\\/\\\/ Add ended\\\/error handlers to THIS instance\\n                newAudio.onended = function() {\\n                    console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Audio ended.`);\\n                    if (currentAudioElement && currentAudioElement.is($this)) {\\n                         currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-playing');\\n                         currentAudioElement = null;\\n                    }\\n                    currentAudioObject = null; \\\/\\\/ Clear reference\\n                    isFetchingAudio = false; \\\/\\\/ Allow new fetches\\n                };\\n                newAudio.onerror = function(e) {\\n                    console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] Audio object error:`, e);\\n                     if (currentAudioElement && currentAudioElement.is($this)) {\\n                         currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-playing audio-loading');\\n                         currentAudioElement = null;\\n                    }\\n                    currentAudioObject = null;\\n                    isFetchingAudio = false;\\n                    alert(`\\u041e\\u0448\\u0438\\u0431\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u0430\\u0443\\u0434\\u0438\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f: ${textToSpeak}`);\\n                };\\n\\n                \\\/\\\/ Attempt to play\\n                var playPromise = newAudio.play();\\n                if (playPromise !== undefined) {\\n                    playPromise.then(_ => {\\n                        console.log(`[${textToSpeak}] Playback started successfully.`);\\n                        $this.addClass('audio-playing'); \\\/\\\/ Add playing indicator style\\n                        \\\/\\\/ isFetchingAudio remains true until audio ends\\\/errors\\n                    })\\n                    .catch(error => {\\n                        console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] audio.play() failed:`, error);\\n                        $this.removeClass('audio-loading'); \\\/\\\/ Ensure loading style is removed\\n                        \\\/\\\/ Alert or notify user about playback failure (common on mobile)\\n                        alert(`\\u041d\\u0435 \\u0443\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u044c \\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0441\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0430\\u0443\\u0434\\u0438\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\\"${textToSpeak}\\\". \\u0412\\u043e\\u0437\\u043c\\u043e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e, \\u0442\\u0440\\u0435\\u0431\\u0443\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432\\u0437\\u0430\\u0438\\u043c\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0446\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u0439\\u043a\\u0438 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0443\\u0437\\u0435\\u0440\\u0430.`);\\n                        currentAudioObject = null; \\\/\\\/ Clear failed object\\n                        currentAudioElement = null;\\n                        isFetchingAudio = false; \\\/\\\/ Allow new attempts\\n                    });\\n                } else {\\n                     console.warn(`[${textToSpeak}] audio.play() did not return a Promise.`);\\n                     \\\/\\\/ Handle older browsers or unexpected cases if necessary\\n                     isFetchingAudio = false; \\\/\\\/ Reset flag if play didn't return promise\\n                }\\n\\n            } else {\\n                console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] Fetch successful, but audioContent is missing in API response.`, data);\\n                isFetchingAudio = false; \\\/\\\/ Allow new fetches\\n            }\\n        })\\n        .catch(error => {\\n            console.error(`[${textToSpeak}] Fetch failed:`, error);\\n            if (currentAudioElement && currentAudioElement.is($this)) {\\n                 currentAudioElement.removeClass('audio-loading');\\n                 currentAudioElement = null;\\n            }\\n            currentAudioObject = null;\\n            isFetchingAudio = false; \\\/\\\/ Allow new fetches on error\\n            alert(`\\u041e\\u0448\\u0438\\u0431\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0430 \\u0430\\u0443\\u0434\\u0438\\u043e \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f: ${textToSpeak}. ${error.message}`);\\n        });\\n        \\\/\\\/ Note: isFetchingAudio remains true until the audio ends\\\/errors or fetch fails.\\n    });\\n\\n    console.log(\\\"--- Script Initialized Successfully (Google TTS - Delegated Events) ---\\\");\\n});\\n<\\\/script>\\n\\n<!-- Add these optional styles to your CSS for better feedback -->\\n<\/p>\n<style>\\n.text-with-button.audio-loading {\\n    opacity: 0.6;\\n    cursor: wait;\\n}\\n.text-with-button.audio-playing {\\n    \\\/* Example: Add a subtle indicator *\\\/\\n    box-shadow: 0 0 5px 2px rgba(78, 83, 107, 0.5);\\n}\\n.text-with-button.translated {\\n    \\\/* Your existing styles for translated text *\\\/\\n    font-style: italic;\\n    color: #4e536b;\\n}\\n<\\\/style>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"js \\u043e\\u0437\\u0432\\u0443\\u0447\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0430\\u0432\\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u0442\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"<\/p>\n<p><style>\\n\\n\\\/* \\u041e\\u0431\\u0449\\u0438\\u0439 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0442\\u0435\\u0439\\u043d\\u0435\\u0440 *\\\/\\n.filter-block {\\n  font-family: sans-serif; 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The values and principles of the UK 4 1.1 Chapter 1: The values and principles of the UK 4 1.2 Becoming a permanent resident 5 1.3 The values and principles of the UK 6 1.4 Taking the Life in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7083","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7083"}],"version-history":[{"count":155,"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7254,"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7083\/revisions\/7254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsiller.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}